Damping and cushioning characteristics of Polyjet 3D printed photopolymer with Kelvin model

Abstract

This study extends previous research on the measurement of a 3D printed photopolymer’s quasi-static cushion properties, to include cushion and damping properties due to impact loading. In order to develop analytical packaging models of 3D printed materials, it is essential to know how energy induced by shipping and handling is dissipated through damping. Compared to the cushion curve, investigating how damping influences packaging design is relatively unfamiliar to the packaging practitioner. This study uses experimentally derived hysteresis loops, from platen impact and quasi-static compression tests, to estimate specific damping capacities for 3D printed photopolymer. This study found that the “sticky” rubber like 3D printed photopolymers, based on a repeating pattern of Kelvin cells, were able to dissipate close to 100% of the input energy in platen impact tests and still return to their original dimensions after impact. In addition, this study shows that the specific damping capacity of the 3D printed structure increases significantly with strain rate.

Keywords

Damping cushioning 3D printed photopolymer impact test

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Maskery

Hussey

Panesar

, et al. An investigation into reinforced and functionally graded lattice structures. J Cell Plast 2017; 53: 151–165.

Bates

SRG

Farrow

Trask

RS.

3D printed polyurethane honeycombs for repeated tailored energy absorption. Mater Des 2016; 112: 172–183.

Bates

SRG

Farrow

Trask

RS.

Compressive behaviour of 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane honeycombs with graded densities. Mater Des 2019; 162: 130–142.

Goodarzi Hosseinabadi

Bagheri

Avila Gray

, et al. Plasticity in polymeric honeycombs made by photo-polymerization and nozzle based 3D-printing. Polym Testing 2017; 63: 163–167.

Priyadarshini

Cormier

, et al. A preliminary study of cushion properties of a 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane kelvin foam. Packag Technol Sci 2018; 31: 361–368.

Mills

NJ.

The high strain mechanical response of the wet kelvin model for open-cell foams. Int J Solids Struct 2007; 44: 51–65.

Gong

Kyriakides

Compressive response of open cell foams. Part II: initiation and evolution of crushing. Int J Solids Struct 2005; 42: 1381–1399.

Rice

Impact damping ratio of a nonlinear viscoelastic foam. Polym Testing 2018; 72: 187–195.

Carfagni

Lenzi

Pierini

The loss factor as a measure of mechanical damping. In: Proc SPIE, Vol. 3243, Proceedings of the 16th international modal analysis conference, February 1998, pp. 580–584. The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS), Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO).

10.

de Silva Clarence

Vibration and shock handbook. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2005.

11.

Theory and practice of cushion curve: a supplementary discussion. Packag Technol Sci 2019; 32: 185–197.

12.

A comparative study between felted and triaxial compressed polymer foams on cushion performance. J Cell Plast 2013; 49: 521–533.

13.

Ruiz-Herrero

Rodríguez-Pérez

de Saja

JA.

Prediction of cushion curves for closed cell polyethylene-based foams. Part II: experimental. J Cell Plast 2006; 25: 159–176.

14.

ASTM D 1596-14. Standard test method for dynamic shock cushioning characteristics of packaging material. West Conshohocken, PA: American Society for Testing and Materials.

15.

Alsakarneh

Quinn

Kelly

, et al. Modelling and simulation of the coefficient of restitution of the sliotar in hurling. Sports Biomech 2012; 11: 342–357.

16.

Huang

HQ.

Corner foam versus flat foam: an experimental comparison on cushion performance. Packag Technol Sci 2015; 28: 217–225.

17.

Gao

Random equilateral kelvin open-cell foam microstructures: cross-section shapes, compressive behavior, and isotropic characteristics. J Cell Plast 2018; 54: 53–72.

18.

Martz

Lakes

Goel

, et al. Hysteresis behaviour and specific damping capacity of negative Poisson’s ratio foams. Cell Polym 2005; 24: 127–364.

19.

Andena

Caimmi

Leonardi

, et al. Compression of polystyrene and polypropylene foams for energy absorption applications: a combined mechanical and microstructural study. J Cell Plast 2019; 55: 49–72.

20.

TE Sensor Solutions. Choosing the right type of accelerometer. Romania: TE Sensor Solutions, p.2.