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Abstract

Utilising Neorealism, this article explains why cooperation between Türkiye and the five Central Asian republics has remained episodic since 1991. Using a theory-guided case study that is primarily qualitative and supported by quantitative economic data, it examines diplomatic, cultural, economic, and military security ties through an episodic/transformative lens. By tracing recognitions, aid initiatives, institutionalised Turkic cooperation, connectivity projects (including the Trump Route for International Peace and Prosperity), trade patterns, and defence-industrial ties, it shows that identity and institutions such as the Organisation of Turkic States open channels for collaboration, yet outcomes ultimately track shifts in power, interests, and security needs.

Keywords

Türkiye (formerly Turkey)Central Asia cooperation Neorealism power politics Russia the United States Organisation of Turkic States (OTS)Cyprus issue Trump Route for International Peace and Prosperity (TRIPP)

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Episodic alignments,enduring constraints: Understanding Türkiye–Central Asia cooperation through Neorealism

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