With the rapid pace of immunologic research, it is more important than ever for readers to understand rational immunodiagnosis, immunopro-phylaxis, and immunotherapy. This column is intended to help you ensure proper immunologic drug use in your practice.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
SlovicP.Perception of risk.Science.1987; 236: 280–5.
2.
Anonymous.Ever so risky [editorial].Lancet.1990; 336: 216.
3.
AdelswordV., SachsL.The meaning of 6.8: Numeracy and normality in health information talks.Soc Sci Med.1996; 43: 1179–87.
4.
PlotkinS.L., PlotkinS.A.A short history of vaccinations. In: PlotkinS.A., MortimerE.A., eds. Vaccines.2nd ed.Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co; 1994, 1–11.
5.
JeffersonT.Vaccination and its adverse effects: Real or perceived [editorial].BMJ.1998; 317: 159–60.
6.
ChenR.T., DeStefanoF.Vaccine adverse events: Causal or coincidental?Lancet.1998; 351: 611–13.
7.
FischhoffB.Risk perception and communication unplugged: Twenty years of process.Risk Analysis.1995; 15: 137–45.
8.
EvansG., BostromA., JohnstonR.B., FisherB.L., StotoM.A., ed. Risk Communication and Vaccination: Summary of a Workshop.Institute of Medicine; 1997, 1–35.
9.
SuttonS.M., BalchG.I., LefebvreR.C.Strategic questions for consumer-based health communications.Public Health Rep.1995; 110: 725–33.
10.
CoulterA.Evidence based patient information [editorial].BMJ.1998; 317: 225–6.
11.
GrabensteinJ.D.The natural history of a vaccine and its disease.Hosp Pharm.1996; 31: 559, 563-4,567-8,571–2.
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.Poliomyelitis prevention in the United States: Introduction of a sequential vaccination schedule of inactivated poliovirus vaccine followed by oral poliovirus vaccine.MMWR.1997; 46(RR-3): 1–25, errata 183.
GangarosaE.J., GalazkaA.M., WolfeC.R.Impact of anti-vaccine movements on pertussis control: The untold story.Lancet.1998; 351: 356–61.
16.
NicollA., EllimanD., RossE.MMR vaccination and autism 1998: Deja vu: Pertussis and brain damage 1974? [editorial]BMJ.1998; 316: 715–6.
17.
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.Pertussis vaccination: Use of acellular pertussis vaccines among infants and young children.MMWR.1997; 46(RR-7): 1–25.
18.
Institute of Medicine.Vaccine Safety Forum: Summaries of Two Workshops.Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1997.
19.
Van DammeW., LynenL., KegelsG.Measles vaccination and inflammatory bowel disease.Lancet.1997; 350: 1174–5.
20.
WakefieldA.J., MurchS.H., AnthonyA.Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children.Lancet.1998; 351: 637–41.
21.
BeggN., RamsayM., WhiteJ.Media dents confidence in MMR vaccine.BMJ.1998; 316: 561.
22.
MillerE., GoldblattD., CuttsF.Measles vaccination and inflammatory bowel disease.Lancet.1998; 351: 755–6.
23.
PeltolaH., PatjaA., LeinikkiP.No evidence for measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine-associated inflammatory bowel disease or autism in a 14-year prospective study.Lancet.1998; 351: 1327–8.
24.
MetcalfJ.Is measles infection associated with Crohn's disease?The current evidence does not prove a causal link [editorial]. BMJ.1998; 316: 166.
25.
MillerE., WaightP.Measles, measles vaccination, and Crohn's disease: Second immunisation has not affected incidence in England [letter].BMJ.1998; 316: 1745.
26.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccine Safety: What You Need to Know.www.cdc.gov/nip/vacsafe (October 15, 1998).
27.
FreedG.L., KatzS.L., ClarkS.J.Safety of vaccinations: Miss America, the media, and public health.JAMA.1996; 276: 1869–72.
28.
CohnV.Vaccines and risks: The responsibility of the media, scientists, and clinicians.JAMA.1996; 276: 1917–18.
29.
World Health Organization.Lack of evidence that hepatitis B vaccine causes multiple sclerosis.Weekly Epidemiol Rec.1997; 72: 149–52.
30.
DorozynskiA.Suspension of hepatitis B vaccination condemned.BMJ.1998; 317: 1034.
31.
BreimanR.F., ZancaJ.A.Of floors and ceilings-Defining, assuring, and communicating vaccine safety.Am J Public Health.1997; 87: 1919–20.
32.
GrabensteinJ.D.Compensation for vaccine injury: Balancing society's need and personal risk.Hosp Pharm.1995; 30: 831–2, 834–6.
33.
BaronJ.The effect of normative beliefs on anticipated emotions.J Pers Soc Psychol.1992; 63: 320–30.
34.
GrabensteinJ.D.Rabies: America's only overused immunization.Hosp Pharm.1995; 30: 323–8, 894.
35.
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.Human rabies prevention- United States, 1999. MMWR. 1999;48(RR-1): 1-21.Erratum.1998; 48: 16.
36.
GrabensteinJ.D.Meningococcal vaccine: Outbreaks, travel, and more.Hosp Pharm.1997; 32: 1219–23, 1306.
37.
NolanP.A.Meningococcal meningitis in Rhode Island, a chronology and update.Providence, RI: Rhode Island Department of Health; March 23, 1998.
38.
GoldR.Meningococcal disease in Canada: 1991-92.Can J Public Health.1992; 83: 5–6.
39.
HumeS.E.Mass voluntary immunization campaigns for meningococcal disease in Canada: Media hysteria.JAMA.1992; 267: 1833–4, 1837–8.
40.
CalmanK.C.Cancer: Science and society and the communication of risk.BMJ.1996; 313: 799–802.
41.
EdwardsI.R., WiholmB-E, MartinezC.Concepts in risk-benefit assessment: A simple merit analysis of a medicine?Drug Safety.1996; 15: 1–7.
42.
HerrierR.N., BoyceR.W.Communicating risk to patients.Am Pharm.1995; 35(6): 12–14.
43.
KahnemanD., TverskyA.The psychology of preferences.Sci Am.1982; 246(Jan): 160–73.
44.
BinnsT.B.Therapeutic risks in perspective.Lancet.1987; ii: 208–9.
45.
PaulosJ.A.Innumeracy: Mathematical Illiteracy And Its Consequences.New York, NY: Hill & Wang; 1988.
46.
FischhoffB., BostromA., QuadrelM.J.Risk perception and communication.Annu Rev Public Health.1993; 14: 183–203.
47.
RossJ.F.Risk: Where do real dangers lie?Smithsonian.1995; 26(8): 42–53.
48.
WrightR.Risk communication: How to answer tough patient questions.J Am Dent Assoc.1994; 125: 1131–7.
49.
WrightR.Talking safety with your patients: Is it persuasive to compare dental risks to other risks?J Am Dent Assoc.1994; 125: 1138–9.
50.
MaibachE., HoltgraveD.R.Advances in public health communication.Annu Rev Public Health.1995; 16: 219–38.
51.
GlanzK., YangH.Communicating about risk of infectious diseases.JAMA.1996; 275: 253–56.
52.
TverskyA., KahnemanD.Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases.Science.1974; 185: 1124–31.
SkolbekkenJ-ACommunicating the risk reduction achieved by cholesterol reducing drugs.BMJ.1998; 316: 1956–8.
55.
BryantG.D., NormanG.R.Expressions of probability: Words and numbers [letter].N Engl J Med.1980; 302: 411.
56.
ToogoodJ.H.What do we mean by usually? [letter]Lancet.1980; i: 1094.
57.
UrquhartJ.Some views on risk communication, or why we wrote a book.Pharmacepidemiol Drug Safety.1998; 7: 213–5.
58.
NelkinD.Communicating technological risk: The social construction of risk perception.Annu Rev Public Health.1989; 10: 95–113.
59.
SchwartzL.M., WoloshinS., BlackW.C.The role of numeracy in understanding the benefit of screening mammography.Ann Intern Med.1997; 127: 966–72.
60.
SlaytorE.K., WardJ.E.How risks of breast cancer and benefits of screening are communicated to women: Analysis of 58 pamphlets.BMJ.1998; 317: 263–64.
61.
RiddioughM.A., WillemsJ.S., SandersC.R.Factors affecting the use of vaccines: Considerations for immunization program planners.Public Health Rep.1981; 96: 528–35.
62.
JanzN.K., BeckerM.H.The health belief model: A decade later.Health Education Quarterly.1984; 11(Spring): 1–47.
63.
CarterW.B., BeachL.R., InuiT.S.Developing and testing a decision model for predicting influenza vaccination compliance.Health Service Research.1986; 20: 897–932.
64.
MeszarosJR, AschD.A., BaronJ.Cognitive processes and the decisions of some parents to forego pertussis vaccination for their children.J Clin Epidemiol.1996; 49: 697–703.
65.
GrabensteinJ.D.Being immunized for the sake of others.Hosp Pharm.1999; 34(Jan): 54–60, 107.
66.
PhillipsL.M., WolfeC., GangarosaE.Antivaccine attitudes in industrialized countries: Challenges to prevent resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases [Abstract no. 375]. Presented to 30th National Immunization Conference, May 18-22, 1997, Detroit.
67.
GrabensteinJ.D.Vaccine misconceptions and inappropriate contraindications lead to preventable illness and death.Hosp Pharm.1998; 33: 1557–8, 1561-4,1567.
MeuriceF., ParentiD., FuD.Specific issues in the design and implementation of an efficacy trial for a Lyme disease vaccine.Clin Infect Dis.1997; 25(suppl 1): S71–5.
70.
SteereA.C., SikandV.K., MeuriceF. and the Lyme Disease Vaccine Study Group. Vaccination against Lyme disease with recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi outer-surface lipoprotein A with adjuvant.N Engl J Med.1998; 339: 209–15.
71.
ShermanM.Risk communication for the pharmacist.Pharm Times.1996; 62: 22, 24–6.
72.
PlessR., Canadian Division of Immunization.Update: Vaccine Preventable Diseases.1998; 6: 28–30.
