Carlo Levi and Primo Levi both came from the extraordinarily fertile soil of Turinese antifascism. The two were fundamentally different in character and outlook: Carlo gregarious, extroverted, expansive; Primo reserved, introverted, even shy. Their critique of an “eternal fascism” shared a lineage from Piero Gobetti to Norberto Bobbio, passing through Giustizia e Libertà and the Partito d’Azione. The two Levis shared this theory of fascism's irradicable persistence as well as a radical humanism that they felt was our last remaining weapon against tyranny. This must be seen not just as a bulwark against fascism but as the only possible way of organizing human society in the 21st century.
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LeviC (2004) The labyrinth. In: Fleeting Rome. Translated by A Shugaar. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 213–218.
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LeviP (1976) Why Auschwitz? In: Shema: Collected Poems of Primo Levi. Translated by R Feldman and B Swann. London: Menard Press.
14.
LeviP (1986) Afterword. In: The Reawakening. Translated by R Feldman. New York, NY: Collier.
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LeviP (2005a) A past we thought would never return. In: BelpolitiM (ed.) The Black Hole of Auschwitz. Translated by S Wood. New York, NY: Polity Press, pp. 31–33.
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