This study investigated the concurrent relations between measures of adaptive/maladaptive behavior and community adjustment in a sample of 239 adults with mild to severe degrees of mental retardation. Using canonical correlation procedures and multidimensional community adjustment measures, the investigators found significant relations between the measures of behavior and several community adjustment dimensions. The results provided evidence for the criterion-related validity of measures of adaptive/maladaptive behavior and suggested that such skills provide an important contribution to community adaptation and to program planning and decision making for individuals with mental retardation.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BruininksR.HillB.MorreauL. (1988). Prevalence and implications of maladaptive behaviors and dual diagnosis in residential and other service programs. In StarkJ. A.MenolascinoF. J.AlbarelliM. H.GrayV. C. (Eds.), Mental retardation and mental health: Classification, diagnosis, treatment, services (pp. 3–29). New York: Springer-Verlag.
2.
BruininksR.HillB.WeathermanR.WoodcockR. (1986). Inventory for Client and Agency Planning. Allen, TX: DLM Teaching Resources.
3.
BruininksR.LewisD.ThurlowM. (1990). Outcomes and costs of special education programs for persons with mental retardation (Project Report Number 90-1). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Institute on Community Integration.
4.
BruininksR.ThurlowM.GilmanC. (1987). Adaptive behavior and mental retardation. Journal of Special Education, 21, 67–88.
5.
BruininksR.ThurlowM.McGrewK.LewisD. (1990). Dimensions of community adjustment among young adults with intellectual disabilities. In FraserW. I. (Ed.), Key issues in mental retardation research: Proceedings of the Eighth Congress of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency (pp. 435–448). New York: Routledge.
6.
BruininksR.WoodcockR.HillB.WeathermanR. (1985). The development and standardization of the Scales of Independent Behavior. Allen, TX: DLM Teaching Resources.
7.
BruininksR.WoodcockR.WeathermanR.HillB. (1984). Scales of independent behavior: Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery: Part Four. Allen, TX: DLM Teaching Resources.
8.
ClausenJ. (1972). Quo vadis, AAMD?Journal of Special Education, 6, 51–60.
9.
CooleyW.LohnesP. (1971). Multivariate data analysis. New York: John Wiley.
10.
DollE. (1934). Social adjustment of the mental subnormal. Journal of Educational Research, 28, 36–43.
11.
DollE. (1953). Measurement of social competence: A manual for the Vineland Social Maturity Scale. Minneapolis: Educational Publishers.
12.
GoldsteinH. (1964). Social and occupational adjustment. In StevensH. A.HeberR. (Eds.), Mental Retardation (pp. 214–254). Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
13.
GreenspanS. (1979). Social intelligence in the retarded. In EllisN. R. (Ed.), Handbook of mental deficiency, psychological theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 483–531). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
14.
GreenspanS. (1981a). Defining childhood social competence: A proposed working model. Advances in Special Education, 3, 1–39.
15.
GreenspanS. (1981b). Social competence and handicapped individuals: Practical implications of a proposed model. Advances in Special Education, 3, 41–82.
16.
GrossmanH. (1973). Manual on terminology and classification in mental retardation (Special Publication No. 2). Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Deficiency.
17.
GrossmanH. (1977). Manual on terminology and classification in mental retardation (1977 rev.). Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Deficiency.
18.
GrossmanH. (1983). Classification in mental retardation. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Deficiency.
19.
HalpernA.NaveG.CloseD.NelsonD. (1986). An empirical analysis of the dimensions of community adjustment for adults with mental retardation in semi-independent living programs. Australia and New Zealand Journal of Developmental Disabilities, 12, 147–157.
20.
HarrisonP. (1987). Research with adaptive behavior scales. Journal of Special Education, 21, 37–68.
21.
HealL. (1985). Methodology for community integration research. In BruininksR. H.LakinK. C. (Eds.), Living and learning in the least restrictive environment (pp. 199–224). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
22.
HeathC. (1986, April). Trends in adaptive behavior research over the past decade. Paper presented at the meeting of the National Association of School Psychologists, Hollywood, FL.
23.
HillB.BruininksR. (1981). Physical and behavioral characteristics and maladaptive behavior of mentally retarded people in residential facilities. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Department of Psychoeducational Studies.
24.
HillB.BruininksR. (1984). Maladaptive behavior of mentally retarded people in residential facilities. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 88, 380–387.
25.
HolmanJ.BruininksR. (1985). Assessing and training adaptive behaviors. In LakinK. C.BruininksR. H. (Eds.), Strategies for achieving community integration of developmentally disabled citizens (pp. 74–104). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
26.
KamphausR. (1987). Conceptual and psychometric issues in the assessment of adaptive behavior. Journal of Special Education, 21, 27–35.
27.
KannerL. (1964). The history of the care and treatment of mentally retarded. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.
28.
KeithT.FehrmannP.HarrisonP.PottebaumS. (1987). The relation between adaptive behavior and intelligence: Testing alternative explanations. Journal of School Psychology, 25, 31–43.
29.
KeithT.HarrisonP.EhlyS. (1987). Effects of adaptive behavior on achievement: Path analysis of a national sample. Professional School Psychology, 2, 205–215.
30.
KeyesV.BoroskinA.RossR. (1973). The revolving door in an MR hospital: A study of returns from leave. Mental Retardation, 11, 55–56.
31.
LelandH.ShellhaasM.NihiraK.FosterR. (1967). Adaptive behavior: A new dimension in the qualification of the mentally retarded. Mental Retardation Abstract, 4, 359–387.
32.
ManeyA.PaceR.MorrisonD. (1964). A factor analytic study of the need for institutionalization: Problems and populations for program development. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 69, 372–384.
33.
McCarverR.CraigE. (1974). Placement of the retarded in the community: Prognosis and outcome. In EllisN. R. (Ed.), International review of research in mental retardation (Vol. 7, pp. 145–207). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
34.
McGrewK.BruininksR. (1987). An investigation of the relationship between adaptive/maladaptive behavior and intellectual/academic ability. In BruininksR. H.McGrewK. S. (Eds.), Exploring the structure of adaptive behavior (Report No. 87-1, pp. 57–90). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Department of Educational Psychology.
35.
McGrewK.BruininksR. (1989). The factor structure of adaptive behavior. School Psychology Review, 18, 64–81.
36.
McGrewK.BruininksR. (1990). Defining adaptive and maladaptive behavior within a model of personal competence. School Psychology Review, 19, 53–73.
37.
McGrewK.BruininksR.ThurlowM.LewisD. (in press). An empirical analysis of multidimensional measures of community adjustment for young adults with retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation.
38.
McGrewK.IttenbachR.BruininksR.HillB. (1991). Factor structure of maladaptive behavior across the lifespan of persons with mental retardation. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 12, 181–199.
39.
MercerJ. (1973). Labeling the mentally retarded. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
40.
MercerJ. (1979). System of multicultural pluralistic assessment technical manual. New York: Psychological Corporation.
41.
MeyersC.NihiraK.ZellinA. (1979). The measurement of adaptive behavior. In EllisN. R. (Ed.), Handbook of mental deficiency: Psychological theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 431–481). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
42.
PagelS.WhitlingC. (1978). Readmissions to a state hospital for mentally retarded persons: Reasons for community placement failure. Mental Retardation, 16, 164–166.
43.
ReschlyD. (1982). Assessing mild mental retardation: The influence of adaptive behavior, sociocultural status and prospects for nonbiased assessment. In ReynoldsC. R.GutkinT. B. (Eds.), The handbook of school psychology (pp. 209–242). New York: Wiley Interscience.
44.
ReschlyD. (1985). Best practices: Adaptive behavior. In ThomasA.GrimesJ. (Eds.), Best practices in school psychology (pp. 353–368). Kent, OH; National Association of School Psychologists.
45.
ReschlyD. (1987). Adaptive behavior in classification and programming with students who are handicapped. St. Paul: Minnesota Department of Education.
46.
SchalockR.HarperR.CarverG. (1981). Independent living placement. Five years later. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 86, 170–177.
47.
ScheerenbergerR. (1983). A history of mental retardation. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.
48.
SpencerD. (1976). New long-stay patients in a hospital for mental handicap. British Journal of Psychiatry, 128, 467–470.
49.
SutterP.MayedaT.CallT.YanagiG.YeeS. (1980). Comparison of successful and unsuccessful community placed mentally retarded persons. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 85, 262–267.
50.
ThompsonB. (1984). Canonical correlation analysis: Uses and interpretation. Sage University Paper series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, Series No. 07-001. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
51.
ThurlowM.BruininksR.LangeC. (1989). Assessing post-school outcomes for students with moderate to severe mental retardation (Project Report No. 89-1). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Department of Educational Psychology.
52.
ThurlowM.BruininksR.WolmanC.SteffensK. (1989). Occupational and social status of persons with moderate, severe, and profound mental retardation after leaving school (Project Report No. 89-3). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, Institute on Community Integration.
53.
WoodcockR. (1978). Development and standardization of the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery. Allen, TX: DLM Teaching Resources.
54.
ZiglerE.BallaD.HodappR. (1984). On the definition and classification of mental retardationAmerican Journal of Mental Deficiency, 89, 215–230.
