Information is presented on the implementation of a prereading program in a school setting using the reciprocal training procedure and on implications for educators, teacher educators, and parents. This instructional procedure, grounded in Vygotsky's theory of language and learning, is an interactive dialogue through which the teacher explicitly models four prereading skills: finger spelling, book reading, story retelling, and word recognition during story-time session with experimental storybooks. Pre-post test analyses show that gains were made in letter, word, and story knowledge through the use of the reciprocal teaching procedure.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
American National Standards Institute. (1969). American National Standard Specifications for Audiometers (ANSI 53.6–1969). New York: Author.
2.
AndrewsJ. F. (1983). A study of the letter, word and story reading abilities of forty-five young deaf residential children: A longitudinal study. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana.
3.
AndrewsJ. F. (1984, November). A manual prereading knowledge test—Assessing prereading abilities in young deaf children. Paper presented at 10th Annual Southeastern Regional Conference of the International Reading Association, Lexington, KY.
4.
AndrewsJ. F. (1985). Deaf children's acquisition of prereading skills using the reciprocal teaching procedure. (Tech. Rep. No. 350). Champaign, IL: Center for the Study of Reading.
5.
AndrewsJ. F., & MasonJ. M. (1986a). What do deaf children know about prereading?American Annals of the Deaf, 131, 210–217.
6.
AndrewsJ. F., & MasonJ. M. (1986b). Childhood deafness and the acquisition of early print concepts. In YadenD. & TempletonS. (Eds.), Metalinguistic awareness and beginning literary: Conceptualizing what it means to read and write. Portsmouth, NH: Heinnenman Educational Books.
7.
BissexG. (1980). Gnys at wrk: A child learns to read and write. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
8.
BornsteinA. L.HamiltonL.KannapellB.RoyH., & SaulinierK. (1975). The signal English dictionary for preschool and elementary levels. Washington, DC: Gallaudet College Press.
9.
BrownA.PalincsarA. M., & ArmbrusterB. B. (1984). Instructing comprehension-fostering activities in interactive learning situations. In MandlH.SteinN., & TrabassoT. (Eds.), Learning from texts. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
10.
ClayM. (1979). Reading: The patterning of complex behavior. Exeter, NH: Heinemann Educational Books.
11.
Cochran-SmithM. (1983). The making of a reader. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
12.
GibsonE. J., & LevinH. (1975). The psychology of reading. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
13.
GriswoldE. L., & CommingsJ. (1974). The expressive vocabulary of preschool deaf children. American Annals of the Deaf119, 16–28.
14.
Hirsh-PasekK. (1981). Phonics without sound: Reading acquisition in the congenitally deaf. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
15.
HoemannH. (1972). Children's use of fingerspelling versus sign language to label pictures. Exceptional Children, 39, 161–162.
16.
HoemannH. (1974). Deaf children's use of fingerspelling to label pictures of common objects: A follow-up study. Exceptional Children, 40, 519–520.
17.
MandlerJ., & JohnsonN. (1977). Remembrance of things parsed: Story structure and recall. Cognitive Psychology, 9, 111–151.
18.
MasonJ. M. (1980). When do children begin to read: An exploration of four-year-old children's letter and word reading competencies. Reading Research Quarterly, 2, 203–227.
19.
MasonJ. M., & AllenJ. (1986, March). A review of emergent literacy with implications for research and practice in reading. Paper presented at a conference on the process of reading acquisition, University of Texas at Austin.
20.
McCormickC., & MasonJ. (1981). What happens to kindergarten children's knowledge about reading after a summer vacation?Reading Teacher, 35, 164–172.
21.
PalincsarA. (1983, April). The acquisition and implementation of comprehension monitoring fostering activities by poor comprehenders in junior high school. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association annual meeting, Montreal, Canada.
22.
PalincsarA. S. (1984). The quest for meaning from expository text: A teacher-guided journey. In DuffyG.RoehlerL., & MasonJ. (Eds.), Comprehension instruction: Perspective and suggestions. New York: Longeman Press.
23.
SoderberghR. (1977). Reading in early childhood: A linguistic study of a preschool child's gradual acquisition of reading ability. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
24.
VygotskyL. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. (ColesM.John-SteinerV.ScribnerS., & SoubermanE., Eds. and Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
