This article draws on Romanian sociological and anthropological literature, laws and official statistics, as well as on the most important programmes and reports of various organizations, in order to: (1) depict a historical map of the main theoretical and methodological approaches, themes and objects of research on children and childhood in Romania; and (2) outline some historical evolutions of the value of children in Romanian society. The article highlights prominent lines of continuity as well as significant changes, and indicates some similarities and dissimilarities between Romanian society and social sciences and its western counterparts. It reveals that Romanian sociological traditions were once particularly promising with regard to the structural sociology of children and childhood, but nowadays research has become more open to the ‘sociology of children’ or to ‘the minority group child’, while the structural sociology of childhood remains an isolated ‘island’.
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