Les troubles mentaux graves affectent les occupations quotidiennes et le mode de vie des personnes qui en souffrent. Une étude descriptive a été menée ayant pour but d'étudier quelle signification les personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux graves donnent à leurs activités quotidiennes. Dans cette étude, la signification des activités a été définie à partir du Modèle de l'occupation humaine de Kielhofner, et ce, par trois déterminants, soient: le sentiment de compétence, l'importance et le plaisir. Ceux-ci ont été mesurés pour chaque activité quotidienne à l'aide du Questionnaire occupationnel lors d'une entrevue semi-structurée effectuée auprès de 45 personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux graves. De façon générale, les activités incluses dans les catégories de l'hygiène et des soins, des repas et du sommeil ont obtenu les moyennes les plus élevées pour chaque déterminant, soit le sentiment de compétence, l'importance et le plaisir. Toutefois, le travail se distingue quant à l'importance accordée à l'activité tandis que les activités sociales sont mises en valeur par leur association au plaisir. L'analyse des résultats souligne l'importance pour les ergothérapeutes de mieux connaître le sens accordé aux activités quotidiennes par les personnes souffrant de troubles mentaux graves afin de soutenir les efforts de ces personnes à développer une perception plus positive de leur occupation du temps.
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