We investigated the association of adiponectin gene polymorphisms (+T45G and +G276T) and adiponectin levels with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) among Arabs in Qatar. A caseโcontrol study was performed in 142 Arab patients with ACS and 122 controls. Genotypes were determined using TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. The TT, TG, and GG genotype frequencies of the T45G variant were significantly different among cases and controls (P = .023) but not significant for G276T genotypic frequencies. It was found that only the +45G allele was significantly associated with 3-fold increased risk of ACS (odds ratio = 2.77; 1.03-6.96; P = .043) among patients, using the genetic recessive model. Carriers of GG alleles had significantly lower adiponectin levels compared to TT/TG carriers of T45G in patients with ACS. The present study suggests that only T45G single-nucleotide polymorphism in the adiponectin gene is associated with higher odds for ACS events and has an effect on serum adiponectin levels among Arab populations.
AritaYKiharaSOuchiN. Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999;257(1):79โ83.
2.
OuchiNKiharaSAritaY. Novel modulator for endothelial adhesion molecules: adipocyte-derived plasma protein adiponectin. Circulation. 1999;100(25):2473โ2476.
3.
OuchiNKiharaSAritaY. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived plasma protein, inhibits endothelial NF-kappaB signaling through a cAMP-dependent pathway. Circulation. 2000;102(11):1296โ1301.
4.
KilaruSFrangosSGChenAH. Nicotine: a review of its role in atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Surg. 2001;193(5):538โ546.
5.
KumadaMKiharaSSumitsujiS. Association of hypoadiponectinemia with coronary artery disease in men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003;23(1):85โ89.
6.
AthyrosVGTziomalosKKaragiannisA. Should adipokines be considered in the choice of the treatment of obesity-related health problems?Curr Drug Targets. 2010;11(1):122โ135.
7.
El-MenyarARizkNAl NabtiAD. Total and high molecular weight adiponectin in patients with coronary artery disease. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2009;10(4):310โ315.
8.
TakahashiMAritaYYamagataK. Genomic structure and mutations in adipose-specific gene, adiponectin. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000;24(7):861โ868.
9.
VionnetNHaniEHDupontS. Genomewide search for type 2 diabetes-susceptibility genes in French whites: evidence for a novel susceptibility locus for early-onset diabetes on chromosome 3q27-qter and independent replication of a type 2-diabetes locus on chromosome 1q21-q24. Am J Hum Genet. 2000;67(6):1470โ1480.
10.
HaraKBoutinPMoriY. Genetic variation in the gene encoding adiponectin is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in the Japanese population. Diabetes. 2002;51(2):536โ540.
11.
LeeYYLeeNSChoYM. Genetic association study of adiponectin polymorphisms with risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korean population. Diabet Med. 2005;22(5):569โ575.
12.
Al-DaghriNMAl-AttasOSAlokailMSAlkharfyKMHussainT. Adiponectin gene variants and the risk of coronary artery disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Mol Biol Rep. 2011;38(6):3703โ3708.
13.
SabouriSGhayour-MobarhanMMoohebatiM. Association between 45T/G polymorphism of adiponectin gene and coronary artery disease in an Iranian population. Scientific World J. 2011;11:93โ101.
14.
BacciSMenzaghiCErcolinoT. The +276 G/T single nucleotide polymorphism of the adiponectin gene is associated with coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(8):2015โ2020.
15.
MenzaghiCErcolinoTDi PaolaR. A haplotype at the adiponectin locus is associated with obesity and other features of the insulin resistance syndrome. Diabetes. 2002;51(7):2306โ2312.
16.
PuavilaiGChanprasertyotinSSriphrapradaengA. Diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance: 1997 criteria by the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (ADA), 1998 WHO consultation criteria, and 1985 WHO criteria. World Health Organization. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1999;44(1):21โ26.
17.
National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection E, Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in A. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106(25):3143โ3421.
18.
WHO Technical Report Series G, WHO.The use and interpretation of Anthropometry. WHO Expert Committee Physical Status. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 1995:854.
19.
JungCHRheeEJKimSY. Associations between two single nucleotide polymorphisms of adiponectin gene and coronary artery diseases. Endocr J. 2006;53(5):671โ677.
20.
HaraKYamauchiTKadowakiT. Adiponectin: an adipokine linking adipocytes and type 2 diabetes in humans. Curr Diab Rep. 2005;5(2):136โ140.
21.
MenzaghiCTrischittaVDoriaA. Genetic influences of adiponectin on insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes. 2007;56(5):1198โ1209.
22.
WangYZhangDLiuY. Association study of the single nucleotide polymorphisms in adiponectin-associated genes with type 2 diabetes in Han Chinese. J Genet Genomics. 2009;36(7):417โ423.
23.
LacquemantCFroguelPLobbensSIzzoPDinaCRuizJ. The adiponectin gene SNP+45 is associated with coronary artery disease in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med. 2004;21(7):776โ781.
24.
FoucanLEzourhiNMaimaitimingS. Adiponectin multimers and ADIPOQ T45G in coronary artery disease in Caribbean type 2 diabetic subjects of African descent. Obesity. 2010;18(7):1466โ1468.
25.
BoumaizaIOmezzineARejebJ. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms at the adiponectin locus and risk of coronary artery disease in Tunisian coronaries. J Cardiovasc Med. 2011;12(9):619โ624.
26.
OliveiraCSSaddi-RosaPCrispimF. Association of ADIPOQ variants, total and high molecular weight adiponectin levels with coronary artery disease in diabetic and non-diabetic Brazilian subjects. J Diabetes Complications. 2012;26(2):94โ98.
27.
EsteghamatiAMansourniaNNakhjavaniMMansourniaMANikzamirAAbbasiM. Association of +45(T/G) and +276(G/T) polymorphisms in the adiponectin gene with coronary artery disease in a population of Iranian patients with type 2 diabetes. Mol Biol Rep. 2012;39(4):3791โ3797.
28.
FilippiESentinelliFRomeoS. The adiponectin gene SNP+276G> T associates with early-onset coronary artery disease and with lower levels of adiponectin in younger coronary artery disease patients (age โค 50 years). J Mol Med (Berl). 2005;83(9):711โ719.
29.
JangYLeeJHChaeJS. Association of the 276G->T polymorphism of the adiponectin gene with cardiovascular disease risk factors in nondiabetic Koreans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;82(4):760โ767.
30.
PischonTPaiJKMansonJE. Single nucleotide polymorphisms at the adiponectin locus and risk of coronary heart disease in men and women. Obesity. 2007;15(8):2051โ2060.
31.
FayyazIAhmedMZShahSIMehmoodSAkramSGhaniM. Serum adiponectin levels in patients with coronary artery disease. J Ayub Med Coll. 2009;21(4):90โ92.
32.
YunKHRheeSJYooNJ. Relationship between the echocardiographic epicardial adipose tissue thickness and serum adiponectin in patients with angina. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2009;17(4):121โ126.
33.
OtsukaFSugiyamaSKojimaS. Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and coronary artery disease in non-diabetic men. Circ J. 2007;71(11):1703โ1709.
34.
LiangKWSheuWHLeeWL. Decreased circulating protective adiponectin level is associated with angiographic coronary disease progression in patients with angina pectoris. Int J Cardiol. 2008;129(1):76โ80.
35.
RizkNAwniROsmanMZiraiM. Hypoadiponectinemia in obese and diabetic subjects in state of Qatar. Int J Diabetes Metab. 2008;16:123โ129.
36.
HeidIMWagnerSAGohlkeH. Genetic architecture of the APM1 gene and its influence on adiponectin plasma levels and parameters of the metabolic syndrome in 1,727 healthy Caucasians. Diabetes. 2006;55(2):375โ384.
37.
VasseurFHelbecqueNDinaC. Single-nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes in the both proximal promoter and exon 3 of the APM1 gene modulate adipocyte-secreted adiponectin hormone levels and contribute to the genetic risk for type 2 diabetes in French Caucasians. Hum Mol Genet. 2002;11(21):2607โ2614.
38.
QiLLiTRimmE. The +276 polymorphism of the APM1 gene, plasma adiponectin concentration, and cardiovascular risk in diabetic men. Diabetes. 2005;54(5):1607โ1610.
39.
HivertMFManningAKMcAteerJB. Common variants in the adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) associated with plasma adiponectin levels, type 2 diabetes, and diabetes-related quantitative traits: the Framingham Offspring Study. Diabetes. 2008;57(12):3353โ3359.
40.
YangYZhangFDingRWangYLeiHHuD. Association of ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms and coronary artery disease risk: a meta-analysis based on 12 465 subjects. Thromb Res. 2012;130(1):58โ64.
41.
WooJGDolanLMDekaR. Interactions between noncontiguous haplotypes in the adiponectin gene ACDC are associated with plasma adiponectin. Diabetes. 2006;55(2):523โ529.
42.
ComuzzieAGFunahashiTSonnenbergG. The genetic basis of plasma variation in adiponectin, a global endophenotype for obesity and the metabolic syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86(9):4321โ4325.
43.
LindsayRSFunahashiTKrakoffJ. Genome-wide linkage analysis of serum adiponectin in the Pima Indian population. Diabetes. 2003;52(9):2419โ2425.
44.
ConneBStutzAVassalliJD. The 3' untranslated region of messenger RNA: a molecular โhotspotโ for pathology?Nat Med. 2000;6(6):637โ641.
45.
CartegniLChewSLKrainerAR. Listening to silence and understanding nonsense: exonic mutations that affect splicing. Nat Rev Genet. 2002;3(4):285โ298.
46.
MousavinasabFTahtinenTJokelainenJ. Common polymorphisms (single-nucleotide polymorphisms SNP+45 and SNP+276) of the adiponectin gene regulate serum adiponectin concentrations and blood pressure in young Finnish men. Mol Genet Metab. 2006;87(2):147โ151.
