The authors examine the clinical significance of radial augmentation index (rAI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). In 78 hypertensive patients, rAI correlates inversely with pulse rate (PR; r = −0.57, P < .001), but baPWV does not. A weak correlation between rAI and systolic blood pressure (SBP) is observed (r = 0.28, P < .05). rAI has no significant correlation with diastolic blood pressure (DBP). In contrast, baPWV correlates positively with both SBP (r = 0.54, P < .001) and DBP (r = 0.43, P < .001). In 56 of these patients, baPWV correlates with the diastolic parameters—the mitral E/A ratio (r = —0.35, P < .01), pulmonary vein S/D ratio (r = 0.41, P < .01), and deceleration time (r = 0.28, P < .05)—by echocardiography, but AI.P75 (rAI corrected for PR 75 bpm because of PR dependence) does not. Therefore, for detection of diastolic dysfunction, baPWV may be more sensitive than rAI.
Boutouyrie P. , Tropeano AI, Asmar R., et al. Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of primary coronary events in hypertensive patients: a longitudinal study. Hypertension. 2002;39:10-15.
2.
Weber T., Auer J., O'Rourke MF, et al. Arterial stiffness, wave reflections, and the risk of coronary artery disease. Circulation. 2004;109:184-189.
3.
Kohara K., Tabara Y., Oshiumi A., et al. Radial augmentation index: a useful and easily obtainable parameter for vascular aging. Am J Hypertens. 2005;18:11S-14S.
4.
Takazawa K.Augmentation index in heart disease. Am J Hypertens . 2005;18:15S-18S.
5.
Hashimoto J. , Watabe D., Hatanaka R., et al. Enhanced radial late systolic pressure augmentation in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Am J Hypertens. 2006;19:27-32.
6.
Millasseau SC , Patel SJ, Redwood SR, et al. Pressure wave reflection assessed from the peripheral pulse: is a transfer function necessary ? Hypertension. 2003;41: 1016-1020.
7.
Yamashina A. , Tomiyama H., Takeda K., et al. Validity, reproducibility, and clinical significance of noninvasive brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurement . Hypertens Res. 2002;25:359-364.
8.
Yamashina A. , Tomiyama H., Arai T., et al. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity as a marker of atherosclerotic vascular damage and cardiovascular risk. Hypertens Res. 2003;26:615-622.
9.
Nakanishi N. , Shiraishi T., Wada M.Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and metabolic syndrome in a Japanese population: the Minoh study. Hypertens Res. 2005;28: 125-131.
10.
Yambe M., Tomiyama H., Hirayama Y., et al. Arterial stiffening as a possible risk factor for both atherosclerosis and diastolic heart failure. Hypertens Res. 2004;27:625-631.
11.
Kronik G., Slany J., Mosslacher H.Comparative value of eight M-mode echocardiographic formulas for determining left ventricular stroke volume. A correlative study with thermodilution and left ventricular single-plane cineangiography. Circulation . 1979;60:1308-1316.
12.
Cohen GI, Pietrolungo JF, Thomas JD, et al. A practical guide to assessment of ventricular diastolic function using Doppler echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996; 27:1753-1760.
13.
Masuyama T. , Lee J.-M., Yamamoto K., et al. Analysis of pulmonary venous flow velocity patterns in hypertensive hearts: its complementary value in the interpretation of mitral flow velocity patterns. Am Heart J. 1992;124: 983-994.
14.
Bergstrom A. , Andersson B., Edner M., et al. Effect of carvedilol on diastolic function in patients with diastolic heart failure and preserved systolic function. Results of the Swedish Doppler-echocardiographic study (SWEDIC). Eur J Heart Fail. 2004;6:453-461.
15.
Wilkinson IB , MacCallum H., Flint L., et al. The influence of heart rate on augmentation index and central arterial pressure in humans . J Physiol. 2000;525:263-270.
16.
Takenaka T. , Mimura T., Kanno Y., et al. Qualification of arterial stiffness as a risk factor to the progression of chronic kidney diseases. Am J Nephrol. 2005;25:417-424.
17.
Weber T., Auer J., Orourke MF, et al. Increased arterial wave reflections predict severe cardiovascular events in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:2657-2663.
18.
Kelly R., Hayward C., Avolio A., et al. Noninvasive determination of age-related changes in the human arterial pulse. Circulation. 1989;80:1652-1659.
19.
Hayward CS, Kelly RPGender-related differences in the central arterial pressure waveform . J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997; 30:1863-1871.
20.
Gatzka CD, Kingwell BA, Cameron JD, et al; ANBO2 investigators. Australian Comparative Outcome Trial of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Diuretic-Based Treatment of Hypertension in the Elderly. Gender differences in the timing of arterial wave reflection beyond differences in body height. J Hypertens. 2001; 19:2197-2203.
21.
Karpanou EA , Vyssoulis GP, Papakyriakou SA, et al. Effects of menopause on aortic root function in hypertensive women. J Am Coll Cardiol . 1996;1928:1562-1566.
22.
Lenihan DJ, Gerson MC, Hoit BD, et al. Mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of diastolic heart failure . Am Heart J. 1995;130:153-166.
23.
Zile MR, Baicu CF, Gaasch WHDiastolic heart failure-abnormalities in active relaxation and passive stiffness of the left ventricle. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1953-1959.
24.
Masuyama T. , Lee J.-M., Yamamoto K., et al. Analysis of pulmonary venous flow velocity patterns in hypertensive hearts: its complementary value in the interpretation of mitral flow velocity patterns. Am Heart J. 1992;124:983-994.
25.
Fung JWH , Li TST , Choy DKL , et al. Severe obstructive sleep apnea is associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Chest . 2002;121:422-429.
26.
Matsui Y., Kario K., Ishikawa J., et al. Smoking and antihypertensive medication: interaction between blood pressure reduction and arterial stiffness. Hypertens Res. 2005;28:631-638.
27.
Mitchell GF , Lacourciere Y., Arnold JM, et al. Changes in aortic stiffness and augmentation index after acute converting enzyme or vasopeptidase inhibition. Hypertension. 2005; 46:1111-1117.
28.
Schram MT, Henry RM, van Dijk RA, et al. Increased central artery stiffness in impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes: the Hoorn Study. Hypertension. 2004;43:176-181.
