Partiendo de la doble naturaleza matemática y textual de la tarea de resolver un problema aritmético, hemos diseñado un estudio empírico que incorpora al proceso de resolución dos ayudas diferentes: la reescritura—matemática o situacional—de problemas y las ayudas gráficas (dibujos) matemáticas o situacionales. Se analizó con estadísticos no paramétricos la influencia de estas ayudas en el acierto con el que una muestra de 152 alumnos de 3° a 5° de Educación Primaria resolvió doce problemas aritméticos de dos operaciones. Los resultados mostraron que los dos tipos de reescritura y los dibujos matemáticos incrementan el acierto (especialmente para los alumnos más competentes) mientras que los dibujos situacionales no ejercieron ninguna influencia.
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