Las situaciones de maltrato infantil revelan una gravísima disfunción en la matriz relacional de la familia en la que se produce el normal desenvolvimiento del cumplimiento de tareas evolutivas del niño. En consecuencia, el maltrato infantil amenaza y afecta el desarrollo de la competencia del niño (socio-cognitiva, emocional, comportamental). El propósito de este estudio de revisión es ofrecer desde un enfoque evolutivo y relacional las facetas en las que se manifiesta el impacto psicológico del maltrato en primera infancia y en edad escolar. Integrando áreas de investigación diversas, se presentan aproximaciones teóricas que dan cuenta de procesos o mecanismos por los que las pautas relacionales abusivas de los padres afectan psicológicamente al niño. Finalmente, la hipótesis de la continuidad social de Wahler se presenta como una contribución aplicable al impacto de las relaciones coercitivas y asincrónicas sobre el funcionamiento cognitivo y comportamental del niño. Las vías de investigación y las implicaciones prácticas son asimismo presentadas.
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