Conceiving of Products and the Products of Conception: Reflections on Commodification,Consumption,ART,and Abortion

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Neuberger J. Tallis R. , “Do We Need a New Word for Patients?” British Medical Journal 318, no. 7222 (1999): 1756–1758, at 1756, 1757. See also Hall, supra note 1, at 585.

Hall M. A. Schneider C. E. , “Patients as Consumers: Courts, Contracts and the New Medical Marketplace,” Michigan Law Review 106, no. 4 (2008): 643–689, at 688.

Id., at 652, 688. See also Tomes N. , “Patients or Health Care Consumers? Why the History of Contested Terms Matters,” in Stevens R. A. Rosenberg C. E. Burns J. R. , eds., History and Health Policy in the United States: Putting the Past Back In (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 2006): At 106.

See Tomes , supra note 5, at 85, 87.

See Pickering , supra note 2.

See Neuberger Tallis , supra note 3, at 1756–1757.

See Hall , supra note 1, at 584; Hall and Schneider, supra note 4, at 647. Until recent years, however, health insurance has most often covered “in-network” services and not given care seekers incentives to research health care costs or seek out the least expensive providers.

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See Tomes , supra note 5, at 83.

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See Hall , supra note 1, at 585.

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See Evans , supra note 20.

Id., at 213.

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See Ertman , supra note 20, at 2.

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Id., at 218–219.

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See Radin , supra note 25.

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See Krawiec , supra note 35, at 349–350.

See Radin Sunder , supra note 33, at 13; Zelizer, supra note 36; Satz D. , Why Some Things Should Not Be for Sale: The Moral Limits of Markets (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012): At 11; Sandel M. J. , What Money Can't Buy: The Moral Limits of Markets (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2012): At 15.

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See Taylor , supra note 32, at 140.

I am indebted to I. Glenn Cohen for this observation.

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Id., at 75.

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Id., at 850.

Id., at 844.

Id., at 873.

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Id., at 28; Krawiec, supra note 47, at 213.

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Id., at 110, 112.

Id., at 114, 119.

Id., at 116.

Id., at 117, 119.

Id., at 117, 121.

Id., at 121.

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Gitlow H. S. , “Abortion Services: Time for a Discussion of Marketing Policies,” Journal of Marketing 42, no. 2 (1978): 71–82, at 72; Garbarino K. , The Abortion Business: A Report on Free-Standing Abortion Clinics (Cambridge, MA: Women's Research Action Project, 1975).

See Todd , supra note 74, at 405.

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Id., at 183.

Id., at 184.

Simonds W. , Abortion at Work: Ideology and Practice in a Feminist Clinic (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1996): At 108.

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Id., at 154, 156.

Id., at 156.

See Madeira , supra note 53.

See Sassatelli , supra note 49, at 156–157.

Id., at 160.

Id., at 197.

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Id., at 553.

Id., at 554.

Id., at 554–555.

Id., at 556–557.

Id., at 557.

Id., at 557.

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Id., at Chart 7: Other Indicators of Health Plan Quality.

See Madison Jacobson , supra note 98, at 111.

Id., at 112.

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See Guttmacher Institute, “Characteristics of Women Having Abortions,” available at <http://www.guttmacher.org/in-the-know/characteristics.html> (last visited April 10, 2015) (reporting that women with family incomes below the federal poverty level account for more than 40% of abortions, whereas those with incomes 200% above the poverty line have abortions at half the national rate).

See Guttmacher Institute, “State Policies in Brief: An Overview of Abortion Laws,” available at <http://www.guttmacher.org/statecenter/spibs/spib_OAL.pdf> (last visited April 10, 2015).

See Guttmacher Institute, “State Policies in Brief: Counseling and Waiting Periods for Abortion,” available at <http://www.guttmacher.org/statecenter/spibs/spib_MWPA.pdf> (last visited April 10, 2015).

See Schneider Hall , supra note 51.

See Madison Jacobson , supra note 98, at 115.

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See Schneider Hall , supra note 51; Korobkin, supra note 99, at 531–538.

See Kaiser Family Foundation, supra note 108.

See Madison K. , “Regulating Health Care Quality in an Information Age,” U.C. Davis Law Review 40, no. 5 (2007): 1577–1654.

See Gawande , supra note 107.

See Galvin , supra note 97, at 557–558.

See Korobkin , supra note 99, at 527.

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See Madison Jacobson , supra note 98, at 124.