The Ethics of Pharmaceutical Research Funding: A Social Organization Approach

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Ariely D. , The (Honest) Truth about Dishonesty: How We Lie to Everyone, Especially Ourselves (New York: Harper Collins, 2012): At 67; Feldman Y. Gauthier R. Schuller T. , “Curbing Misconduct in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Insights from Behavioral Ethics and the Behavioral Approach to Law,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 3 (2013): 620–628; Cremer D. Mayer D. Schminke M. , “On Understanding Ethical Behavior and Decision Making: A Behavioral Ethics Approach,” Business Ethics Quarterly 20, no. 1 (2010): 1–6.

Bazerman M. Gino F. , “Behavioral Ethics: Toward a Deeper Understanding of Moral Judement and Dishonesty,” Annual Review of Law and Social Science 8 (2012): 85–104.

Id., at 89.

Professor Smith is a pseudonym. His account is part of a larger project carried being carried out by the author on the social organization of behavioral ethics across universities and institutions of public trust.

Olivieri N. , “Patients' Health or Company Profits? The Commercialization of Academic Research,” Science and Engineering Ethics 9, no. 1 (2003): 29–41.

Viens A. Savulescu J. , “Introduction to the Oliveria Symposium,” Journal of Medical Ethics 30, no. 1 (2004): 1–7, at 2.

Id.

In this context the word “normal” refers to behaviors that become accepted practice among people in a particular group. I am not using it in the everyday sense of “ordinary.”

Gray G. Bishop-Kendzia V. , “Organizational Self-Censorship: Corporate Sponsorship, Nonprofit Funding, and the Educational Experience,” Canadian Review of Sociology 46, no. 2 (2009): 161–177.

Id.

Lessig L. , “Two Conceptions of ‘Corruption,’” in Republic Lost: How Money Corrupts Congress – and a Plan to Stop It (New York: Twelve-Hackette Book Group, 2011): At 226–247; Lessig L. , “Foreword: ‘Institutional Corruption’ Defined,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 3 (2013): 533–555; see also Gray (2013), supra note 1; Rodwin M. , “Conflicts of Interest, Institutional Corruption, and Pharma: An Agenda for Reform,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 40, no. 3 (2012): 511–522; Rodwin M. , “Rooting Out Institutional Corruption to Manage Inappropriate Off-Label Drug Use,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 3 (2013): 654–664; Jorgensen P. D. , “Pharmaceuticals, Political Money, and Public Policy: A Theoretical and Empirical Agenda,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 3 (2013): 561–570; Sismondo S. , “Key Opinion Leaders and the Corruption of Medical Knowledge: What the Sunshine Act Will and Won't Cast Light On,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 41, no. 3 (2013): 635–643; Sah S. Fugh-Berman A. , “Physicians under the Influence: Social Psychology and Industry Marketing Strategies,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 3 (2013): 665–672; Brown A. , “Understanding Pharmaceutical Research Manipulation in the Context of Accounting Manipulation,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 41, no. 3 (2013): 611–619; Cosgrove L. Wheeler E. E. , “Drug Firms, the Codification of Diagnostic Categories, and Bias in Clinical Guidelines,” Journal of Law, Medicine, & Ethics 41, no. 3 (2013): 644–653; Rose S. , “Patient Advocacy Organizations: Institutional Conflicts of Interest, Trust, and Trustworthiness,” Journal of Law, Medicine, & Ethics 41, no. 3 (2013): 680–687; Gagnon M.-A. , “Corruption of Pharmaceutical Markets: Addressing the Misalignment between Financial Incentives and Public Health,” Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 3 (2013): 571–580.

Austad K. Avorn J. Franklin J. Kowal M. Campbell E. Kesselheim A. , “Changing Interactions between Physician Trainees and the Pharmaceutical Industry: A National Survey,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 28, no. 8 (2013): 1064–1071.

Id., at 7.

See Gray Bishop-Kendzia , supra note 10; Merton R. K. , “The Normative Structure of Science,” in Merton R. K. , ed., The Sociology of Science: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973).