End-of-Life Decision Making across Cultures

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Id.

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See Schicktanz , supra note 2.

Matthijs P. S. Wijmen V. Rurup M. L. Roeline H. Pasman W. Kaspers P. J. Onwuteaka-Philipsen B. D. , “Advance Directives in The Netherlands: An Empirical Contribution to the Exploration of a Cross-Cultural Perspective on Advance Directives,” Bioethics 24, no. 3 (2010): 118–126.

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See Searight Gafford , supra note 20, at 517.

Id., at 518.

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Sprung C. L. Maia P. Bulow H-H. Ricou B. , “The Importance of Religious Affiliation and Culture on End-of-Life Decisions in European Intensive Care Units,” Intensive Care Medicine 33, no. 10 (2007): 1732–1739.

Berger J. T. , “Culture and Ethnicity in Clinical Care,” Archives of Internal Medicine 158 (1998): 2085–2090; Thomas N. D. , “The Importance of Culture throughout all of Life and Beyond,” Holistic Nursing Practice 15 (2001): 40–46; Seale C. , “Characteristics of End-of-Life Decisions: Survey of UK Medical Practitioners,” Palliative Medicine 20 (2006): 653–659; Wiedermann C. J. Druml C. , “End-of-life Decisions in Austria's Intensive Care Units,” Intensive Care Medicine 34, no. 6 (2008): 1142–1144; Yaguchi A. Truog R. D. Curtiss J. R. Luce J. M. Levy M. M. Melot C. Vincent V. L. , “International Differences in End-of-Life Attitudes in the Intensive Care Unit,” Archives of Internal Medicine 165 (2005): 1970–1975.

See Searight Gafford , supra note 20.

See Berger , supra note 29; Bertolini G. Boffelli S. Malacarne P. , “End-of-Life Decision-Making and Quality of ICU Performance: An Observational Study in 84 Italian Units,” Intensive Care Medicine 36, no. 9 (2010): 1495–1504; Servillo G. Striano P. , “End-of-Life: Still an Italian Dilemma,” Intensive Care Medicine 34, no. 7 (2008): 1333–1335.

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Blank R. H. Merrick J. , eds., End-of-Life Decision Making: A Cross-National Study (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005). Although the data from this study are six years old, where possible I contacted the authors of the chapters (and searched the literature for other evidence) to ascertain if there have been any major changes in their countries that would alter their original conclusions. With only a few exceptions, which are raised in the discussion below, the description of these countries remains accurate.

Alora A. T. Lumitao J. M. , Beyond Western Bioethics: Voices from the Developing World (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2001).

Pessini L. , “Ethical Questions Related to End of Life Decisions: The Brazilian Reality,” in Blank Merrick , eds., supra note 34, at 13–32.

Wasunna A. , “End of Life Decision Making in Kenya,” in Blank Merrick , eds., supra note 34, at 131–46.

Li Y. Doering O. Fang L. Li F. Baoqi S. , “End of Life Decision Making in China: A View from Beijing,” in Blank Merrick , eds., supra note 34, at 33–60.

Amidror T. Leavitt F. J. , “End of Life Decision Making in Israel,” in Blank Merrick , eds., supra note 34, at 97–108.

Ashcroft R. , “Death Policy in the United Kingdom,” in Blank Merrick , eds., supra note 34, at 197–218.

Aksoy S. , “End of Life Decision Making in Turkey,” in Blank Merrick , eds., supra note 34, at 183–96.

See Wasunna , supra note 37.

Pandya S. K. , “End of Life Decision Making in India,” in Blank Merrick , eds., supra note 34, at 79–96; Mani R. K. , “End-of-Life Care in India,” Intensive Care Medicine 32, no. 4 (2006): 1066–1068.

See Li , supra note 38.

Tang S. T. , “Meanings of Dying at Home for Chinese Patients in Taiwan with Terminal Cancer: A Literature Review,” Cancer Nursing 23 (2000): 367–370; Chiu T.-Y. , “End of Life Decision Making in Taiwan,” in Blank Merrick , eds., supra note 34, at 169–82.

Simon A. , “End of Life Decision Making in Germany,” in Blank Merrick , eds., supra note 34, at 61–78.

Macer D. , “End of Life Care in Japan,” in Blank Merrick , eds., supra note 34, at 109–130.

Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Quality of End-of-Life Cancer Care for Medicare Beneficiaries (Hanover, NH: Center for Health Policy Research, 2010).

See Ashcroft , supra note 40.

See Pessini , supra note 36.

See Chui , supra note 45.

Glass A. P. Chen L. K. Hwang E. Ono Y. Nahapetyan L. , “A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Hospice Development in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan,” Journal of Cross Cultural Gerontology 25, no. 1 (2010): 1–19.

See Aksoy , supra note 41.

See Wasunna , supra note 37.

See Pandya , supra note 43.

See Simon , supra note 46.

ten Have H. , “End of Life Decision Making in Netherlands,” in in Blank Merrick , eds., supra note 34, at 147–68. Also see Vincent J.-L. , “End-of-Life Practice in Belgium and the New Euthanasia Law,” Intensive Care Medicine 32, no. 11 (2006): 1908–1911.

See Macer , supra note 47.

Merrick J. , “Death and Dying: The American Experience,” in Blank Merrick , eds., supra note 34, at 219–242.

See Chui , supra note 45.

Huang C. H. Hu W. Y. Chiu T. Y. Chen C. Y. , “The Practicalities of Terminally Ill Patients Signing Their Own DNR Orders: A Study in Taiwan,” Journal of Medical Ethics 34 (2008): 336–340.

See Wasunna , supra note 37.

See Aksoy , supra note 41.

See Amidror Leavitt , supra note 39.

See Macer , supra note 47.

See Pessini , supra note 36.

See Chui , supra note 45.

See Simon , supra note 46.

See Ashcroft , supra note 40.

See Merrick , supra note 48.

Steinbrook R. , “Physician-Assisted Death: From Oregon to Washington State,” New England Journal of Medicine 359 (2008): 2513–2515.

See ten Have , supra note 57.

See Wasunna , supra note 37.

See Amidor Leavitt , supra note 39.

See Macer , supra note 47.

See Pessini , supra note 36.

See Chattopadhyay Simon , supra note 15.

See Blank R. H. , Biomedical Policy (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1995): at 163.