Imperialism,Race,and Therapeutics: The Legacy of Medicalizing the “Colonial Body”

See, for instance, Rogers L. , “The Incidence of Typhoid Fever on Civilian Europeans and on Natives in Calcutta and the Importance of Anti-Typhoid Inoculations of all European Immigrants to India,” Indian Medical Gazette 42, no. 8 (August 1907): 291–293; Harvey W. F. Acton H. W. , “Blood Characters: Their Variability and Interdependence,” Indian Journal of Medical Research 2, no. 2 (October 1914): 721–732; Acton H. W. Chopra R. N. , “Indian Diets in Relationship to Health and Disease,” Indian Medical Gazette 60, no. 7 (July 1925): 341–342; “Service Notes,” Indian Medical Gazette 43, no. 5 (May 1908): 196–197; MacDonald A. , “Estimating Skull Capacity and Brain Weight on Living Persons,” Indian Medical Record 49, no. 12 (December 1929): 693–95.

Harrison M. , Climates and Constitutions: Health, Race, Environment and British Imperialism in India 1600–1850 (New Delhi: OUP, 1999): At v.

Peers Dimmock H. , “Presidential Address,” Proceedings of the First Indian Medical Congress, Calcutta 24th-29th December 1894 (Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing, 1895): At 411; Dee P. , “Complete Rupture of Uterus,” Indian Medical Gazette 43, no. 7 (July 1908): 249–251; see Victoria Memorial Scholarship Fund, The Nineteenth Annual Report of the VMSF for the Improvement of Indigenous Dais in India (Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing, 1921); it is just one report which emphasizes the superiority of Western over traditional Indian midwifery practices.

See, for example, Sinha M. , Colonial Masculinity: The “Manly Englishman” and the “Effeminate” Bengali in the Late Nineteenth Century (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995).

See, for example, Buckingham J. , Leprosy in Colonial South India: Medicine and Confinement (Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave, 2002); Ramanna M. , Western Medicine and Public Health in Colonial Bombay, 1845–1895 (Delhi: Orient Longman, 2002).

Reprinted in BMJ vol. i (March 1907).

McCay D. Banerji S. C. Dutta M. M. Ghosal L. M. , “The Urine and Blood of Bengalis,” Indian Medical Gazette 43, no. 10 (October 1907): 370–373. Emphasis added.

See, for example, McDonald D. , Surgeons Twoe and a Barber: Being Some Account of the Life and Work of the Indian Medical Service, 1600–1947 (London: William Heinemann Medical Books, 1950).

McCay D. , “Standards of the Constituents of the Urine and Blood and the Bearing of the Metabolism of Bengalis on the Problems of Nutrition,” in Scientific Memoirs by Officers of the Medical and Sanitary Departments of the Government of India, new series, no. 34 (Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing, 1908): at 1.

Id., at 7–9 and 16–20.

Id., 10–11.

Id., at 32.

Editorial, “The Metabolism of Bengalis,” Indian Medical Gazette 43, no. 9 (September 1908): 344.

See McCay , supra note 9, at 57.

Id., at 59–60.

Id., at 32.

Lt. Col. H. N. Joubert, “Menstruation in Warm Climates,” at 428–30 and Dass K. N. , “Puerperal Eclampsia,” in supra note 3 (Proceedings), at 433–435.

Rogers L. , “The Incidence of Typhoid Fever on Civilian European and on Natives in Calcutta and the Importance of Anti-Typhoid Inoculation of All European Immigrants to India,” Indian Medical Gazette 42, no. 8 (August 1907): 292.

Buchanan W. J. Editorial , Indian Medical Gazette 43, no. 1 (January 1908): 20.

Stapleton G. , “Pelvic Measurements in Indian Women,” Indian Medical Gazette 60, no. 12 (December 1925): 560–561.

See, for instance, DeCruz F. G. , “Blackwater Fever in Jeypore Agency,” Indian Medical Gazette 42, no. 11 (November 1907): 403–404.

Nocht B. Mayer M. , Malaria: A Handbook of Treatment, Parasitology and Prevention (London: John Bale Medical Publications, 1937): At 30–37.

Rogers L. , Fevers in the Tropics (London: Oxford Medical Publications, 1909): at 252.

Megaw J. W. D. , “A Year's Experience of Malaria at the Outdoor Department of the Medical College Hospital, Calcutta,” Indian Medical Gazette 42, no. 1 (January 1907): 12–13.

Sinton J. A. , “A Suggested Standard Treatment of Malaria based upon the Results of the Controlled Investigation of over 3,700 cases,” Indian Medical Gazette 65, no. 11 (November 1930): 601–603.

Knowles R. das Gupta B. M. , “Clinical Studies in Malaria by Cultural and Enumerative Methods,” Indian Medical Gazette 66, no. 1 (January, 1931): 1–10.

Deuskar V. N. , “An Unusual Case of Malaria,” Indian Medical Gazette 60, no. 3 (March 1925): 122–123.

Jones W. H. S. Ross R. Elliot C. G. , Malaria: A Neglected Factor in the History of Greece and Rome (Cambridge: Macmillan and Bowes, 1907): at 54.

Id., at 85.

See Sinha , supra note 4.

Editorial, “Rural Malaria,” Indian Medical Gazette 76, no. 11 (November 1941): 681.

“Indian Systems of Medicine,” transactions of the First Indian Medical Congress, 1894, at 81.

Id., at 81–82.

Chopra R. N. Mukerji B. Chopra I. C. , A Treatise on Tropical Therapeutics, 2nd ed. (Calcutta: D. N. Dhar & Sons Ltd., 1954): At vii.

Thomson G. S. , “Enteric Fever in the Native Army,” Indian Medical Gazette 43, no. 7 (August 1908): 314–317.

James S. P. Willmore W. S. Harvey W. F. Gloster T. H. Dorrell H. L. , “Pyorrhoea Alveolaris and Associated Conditions among Indians and Europeans,” Indian Journal of Medical Research 3, no. 3 (October 1915): 742–762.

Buchanan W. J. , “Medical Education in India,” Indian Medical Gazette 43, no. 4 (April 1908): 141. Editorial on article by Col. Kenneth MacLeod, MD, LL.D, IMS (retired).

Reprinted in the BMJ vol. i (March 1907).

Neild Cook J. , “Infantile Mortality in India,” BMJ vol. ii (July 20, 1907): 172; Editorial, “Infant Mortality in India,” Indian Medical Gazette 42, no. 8 (August 1907): 302–303.

Col. Dudgeon L. S. , “The Effects of Injections of Quinine into the Tissues of Man and Animals,” Journal of Hygiene 19, no. 3 (October 1919) reported in the Indian Medical Gazette 55, no. 2 (February 1920): 63.

Rogers Leonard Sir , “Pathological Evidence bearing on Disease Incidence in Calcutta,” Glasgow Medical Journal 78, no. 1 (January-February 1925): 1–21; reprinted in Indian Medical Gazette 60, no. 10 (October 1925): 483–492.

See, for example, Mills J. H. , Cannabis Britannica: Empire, Trade and Prohibition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003).

Tapper M. , In the Blood: Sickle Cell Anemia and the Politics of Race (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999).

See Victoria Memorial Scholarship Fund, supra note 3 at 55.

Id., at 5.

Dee P. , “Complete Rupture of Uterus,” Indian Medical Gazette 43, no. 7 (July 1908): 249–251.

Fraser G. J. , African American Midwifery in the South: Dialogues of Birth, Race and Memory (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998).

Lewis J. H. , The Biology of the Negro (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1942): X-xi.

Id., at x.