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2.
The first three sections of this paper are based extensively on a previous work by the author entitled, “Insurance for the Insurers: The Use of Genetic Tests.” See id.
3.
AndersonO., The Uneasy Equilibrium: Private and Public Financing of Health Services in the United States, 1875–1965 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1968).
4.
MurrayT., “Genetics and the Moral Mission of Health Insurance,”Hastings Center Report22, no. 6 (1992): 12–17.
5.
Id.
6.
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7.
Id.
8.
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11.
Id.
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Id.
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15.
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16.
Id.
17.
Id.
18.
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See Employment Benefit Research Institute, supra note 10; Kaiser Family Foundation, supra note 21.
23.
See Kaiser Family Foundation, supra note 21.
24.
See the Ad Hoc Committee on Genetic Testing/Insurance Issues, supra note 18; American Academy of Actuaries, Genetic Information and Medical Expense Insurance, June 2000.
25.
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26.
See the Ad Hoc Committee on Genetic Testing/Insurance Issues, supra note 18.
27.
Id.
28.
Id.
29.
See NIH/DOE Working Group, supra note 25.
30.
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31.
Id.
32.
See Kass, supra note 1.
33.
OstrerH., “Insurance and Genetic Testing: Where Are We Now?”American Journal of Human Genetics52 (1993): 565–577.
34.
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35.
See NIH/DOE Working Group, supra note 25.
36.
Id.
37.
See Ostrer, supra note 33.
38.
GostinL.HodgeJ. and CalvoC., Genetics, Policy, and Law: A Report for Policymakers (Washington, D.C.: National Conference of State Legislatures, September 2001).
39.
Id.
40.
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41.
Id.
42.
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43.
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44.
See the Ad Hoc Committee on Genetic Testing/Insurance Issues, supra note 18.
45.
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46.
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47.
See GostinHodge and Calvo, supra note 38.
48.
See Kass, supra note 1.
49.
See GostinHodge and Calvo, supra note 38.
50.
See Murray, supra note 4.
51.
See Kass, supra note 1.
52.
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56.
See Ostrer, supra note 33.
57.
Id.
58.
Id.
59.
See Ad Hoc Committee on Genetic Testing/Insurance Issues, supra note 18.