Patel v. Midland Memorial Hosp. & Med. Ctr., 298 F.3d 333 (5th Cir. 2002).
2.
See id. at 341.
3.
See Patel v. Midland Memorial Hosp., No. M99CA159SS, 2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 22088 (W.D. Tex. Dec. 5, 2000).
4.
42 U.S.C. §§ 11101–11152 (2003).
5.
See Patel, 298 F.3d at 336.
6.
See id. at 336–37.
7.
See id. at 337–38.
8.
Id. at 338.
9.
Id.
10.
See Patel, 2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 22088.
11.
42 U.S.C. § 1983 (2003). Section 1983 creates a cause of action against any person who, under color of law, “subjects, or causes to be subjected,” a person “to the deprivation of [a constitutional right].” Id.; Patel, 298 F.3d at 339 n.13.
12.
Patel, 298 F.3d at 339 (citing Cleveland Bd. of Educ. v. Loudermill, 470 U.S. 532, 542 (1985)).
13.
Id. (citing Came v. Hardy, 943 F.2d 1406 (5th Cir. 1991) (en banc)).
14.
943 F.2d 1406 (5th Cir. 1991) (en banc).
15.
See Patel, 298 F.3d at 340.
16.
See id.
17.
See id. at 341; 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981, 1983 (2003).
18.
Patel, 298 F.3d at 344.
19.
Id. at 342.
20.
Id.
21.
Id.
22.
See id. at 343.
23.
Id. at 343–44 (quoting Rubinstein v. Adm'rs of the Tulane Educ. Fund, 218 F.3d 392, 400–01 (5th Cir. 2000)).
See id. at 347–48. The HCQIA provides immunity from damages to any person participating in a professional review action when the proceeding meets certain statutory requirements. See id. at 347; 42 U.S.C. §§ 11101–11152 (2003).
32.
See ColantonioM.A., “The Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986 and Its Impact on Hospital Law,”West Virginia Law Review, 91 (1988): 91–123, at 107.