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2.
JonsenA.R.ToulminS., The Abuse of Casuistry: A History of Moral Reasoning.Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.
3.
BayerR., “Public Health Policy and the AIDS Epidemic: An End to HIV Exceptionalism?”N Engl J Med1991, 324: 1500–1504.
4.
KolataG., “Private Study of AIDS Drug: Guarded Praise and Warning,”New York Times September 20, 1989: A14.
5.
ShiltsR., “S.F.-Based Group Reports on Underground Compound Q Tests,”San Francisco Chronicle September 20, 1989: A4; HiltsP.J., “Severe Side Effects Are Seen in Experimental AIDS Drug,”New York Times September 27, 1989: A15.
6.
KolataG., “Critics Fault Secret Effort to Test AIDS Drug,”New York Times September 19, 1989: B7.
7.
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8.
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10.
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12.
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13.
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14.
See supra note 12.
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16.
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21.
CDC, “Guidelines for Prophylaxis against Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia for Persons Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus,”MMWR1989, 38 (supp 5): 1–9; LambertB., “U.S. Urges Treatment for Million with AIDS Virus,”New York Times July 9, 1989: A12.
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FreedmanB., “Equipoise in Clinical Trials,” N Engl J Med1987, 317: 141–145; B. Freedman, the McGill/Boston Research Group, “Nonvalidated Therapies and HIV Disease,”Hastings Center Report1989, 14–20.
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26.
See supra note 9.
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28.
Ibid.
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See supra note 20.
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The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators, “Preliminary Report: Effect of Encainide and Flecainide on Mortality in a Randomized Trial of Arrhythmia Suppression After Myocardial Infarction,”N Engl J Med1989, 321: 406–412.
35.
KolataG., “U.S. Panel Urging Sale of AIDS Drug Before Full Tests,”New York Times July 20, 1991: A1.
36.
Ibid.
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KolataG., “For New FDA Policy, Dismay and Delight,”New York Times July 28, 1991: A13.
38.
MarshallE., “Quick Release of AIDS Drugs,”Science1989, 245: 245, 247; HiltsP.J., “How the AIDS Crisis Made Drug Regulators Speed Up,”New York Times September 24, 1989: E5; ShiltsR., “A Testing Limbo for AIDS Drugs,”San Francisco Chronicle February 1, 1989: A1; ShiltsR., “AIDS Drug Approval System Under Attack,”San Francisco Chronicle February 2, 1989: A1; ShiltsR., “Speeding Discovery of AIDS Drugs,”San Francisco Chronicle January 31, 1989: A1, A8–A9.
39.
IgelhartJ.K., “The Food and Drug Administration and Its Problems,”N Engl J Med1991, 325: 217–220.
40.
See supra note 7.
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43.
HiltsP.J., “F.D.A., in Big Shift, Will Permit Use of Experimental AIDS Drug,”New York Times September 29, 1989: At; KolataG., “AIDS Studies Head Seeks Wide Access to Drugs in Tests,”New York Times June 26, 1989: A1.
44.
See supra note 35.
45.
See supra note 43.
46.
LearyW.E., “Payment Policy on New Treatments Draws Fire,”New York Times March 2, 1989: B6.
47.
Sec supra notes 5 and 6.
48.
KolataG., “Innovative AIDS Drug Plan May Be Undermining Testing,”New York Times November 21, 1989: A1.
49.
Ibid.
50.
See supra note 35.
51.
BokS., Secrets.New York: Pantheon Books, 1982; BeauchampT.L.ChildressJ.F., Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 2nd ed.New York: Oxford University Press, 1983: 228–237.
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GostinL.O., “The AIDS Litigation Project: A National Review of Court and Human Rights Commission Decisions, Part II: Discrimination,”JAMA1990, 263: 2086–2093.
53.
NovackD.H.DeteringB.J.ArnoldR., “Physicians' Attitudes toward Using Deception to Resolve Difficult Ethical Problems,”JAMA1989, 261: 2980–2985.
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BeauchampT.L.ChildressJ.F., Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 2nd ed.New York: Oxford University Press, 1983: 107–147.
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BayerR., Private Acts, Social Consequences: AIDS and the Politics of Social Health.New York: The Free Press, 1989.
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57.
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58.
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59.
AndrusJ.K.FlemingD.W.HargerD.R., “Partner Notification: Can It Control Epidemic Syphilis?”Ann Intern Med1990, 112: 539–543.
60.
See supra note 57.
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See supra note 3.
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63.
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64.
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67.
DevlinP., The Enforcement of Morals.New York: Oxford University Press, 1965.
68.
Kathleen K. v. Robert B., 150 Cal. App. 3d 992, 198 Cal Rptr. 273 (1984).
69.
CDC, “Partner Notification for Preventing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection—Colorado, Idaho, South Carolina, Virginia,”MMWR1988, 37: 393–396, 401–402.
70.
WilliamsA.E.CreedonK.W., American Red Cross Collaborative Study Group, “Behavioral Changes in Former Blood Donors in the Year Following Notification of HIV Seropositivity,”IV International Conference on AIDS.Stockholm: June 12–161988: Abstract 8064.
71.
See supra note 55.
72.
RennertS., AIDS/HIV and Confidentiality: Model Policy and Procedures, Washington, D.C.: American Bar Association, 1991: 65–73.
73.
Presidential Commission on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic, Report of the Presidential Commission on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemic, Submitted to the President of the United States, June 141988: 75–78, 119–140.
74.
See supra notes 58 and 73.
75.
See supra note 73.
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77.
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81.
Cal. Health and Safety Code, §199.25 (West 1988 & Supp. 1990); N.Y. Pub. Health Law, §2780 et seq. (McKinney 1990).
82.
American College of Physicians Health and Public Policy Committee, Infectious Diseases Society of America, “The Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and Infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV),”Ann Intern Med1988, 108: 460–469; Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs, “Ethical Issues Involved in the Growing AIDS Crisis,”JAMA1988, 259: 1360–1361.
83.
LambertB., “In War on AIDS, a Tangle of Rules about Tracing, Testing, and Telling,”New York Times July 9, 1989: E6.
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85.
Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California, 551 P2d 334 (Cal 1976).
86.
Ibid.
87.
See supra note 56.
88.
See supra note 52.
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KeetonW.P., Prosser and Keeton on the Law of Torts, 5th ed.St. Paul, Minn.: West Publishing Co., 1984: 179–185.
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FloraJ. A.ThorensenC.E., “Reducing the Risk of AIDS in Adolescents,”American Psychologist1988, 43: 965–970.
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See supra note 58.
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94.
CDC, “Mortality Attributable to HIV Infection/AIDS—United States, 1981–1990,”MMWR1991, 40: 41–44.