This study investigated polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) microparticles for controlled release of Insulin in oral administration. The microparticles were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological studies.The swelling behaviour and drug release profile in various pH media were studied. The% swelling of gels was found to be inversely related to the amount of crosslinker added. Inclusion complex of βCD and Insulin was studied using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Optimum complexation was obtained in the ratio 100mg βCD: 200IU Insulin. The release pattern of Insulin from Insulin–βCD complex encapsulated PMAA microparticles showed release of Insulin for more than seven hours.
1. Roques, M., Damge, C., Michel, C., Staede, C., Cremel, G. and Hubert, P.(1992). Encapsulation of Insulin for Oral Administration Preserves Interaction of the Hormone with its Receptor in vitro, Diabetes, 41: 451–456.
2.
2. Polk, A., Amsden, D., De Yao, Peng, K. and Goosena, A. (1994). Controlled Release of Albumin from Chitosan Alginate Microcapsules, J. Pharm. Sci., 83: 178–185.
3.
3. Lowman, M., Morishita, M., Kajith, M., Naquai, T. and Peppas, M. (1999). Oral Delivery of Insulin Using pH Responsive Complexation Gels, J. Pharm. Sci., 88(9): 933–937.
4.
4. Vila, A., Sanchez, A., Tobia, M., Calvo, P. and Alonso, M.J. (2002). Design of Biodegradable Particles for Protein Delivery, Journal of Controlled Release, 78: 15–24.
5.
5. Ju Ki, Jung and Park, Kinam (2001). Modulated Insulin Delivery from Glucose Sensitive Hydrogel Dosage Forms, Journal of Controlled Release, 77: 39–47.
6.
6. Hassan, Christie M., Doyle, Francis J. and A. Peppas, Nikoloas (1997). Dynamic Behaviour of Glucose Responsive Poly (Methacrylic Acid-g-Ethylene Glycol) Hydrogels, Macromolecules, 30: 6166–6173.
7.
7. Torres-Lugo, Madeline and A. Peppas, Nikoloas Nikoloas (1999). Molecular Design and in vitro Studies of Novel pH Sensitive Hydrogels for Oral Delivery of Calcitonin, Macromolecules, 32: 6646–6651.
8.
8. Lowman, A.M. and Peppas, N.A. (1999). Solute Transport Analysis in pH Responsive Complexing Hydrogels of Poly (MAA-g-EG), J. Biomaterial Sci. Polymer Edn., 10(9): 999–1009.
9.
9. Hiirayama, F. and Uekamam, K. (1999). Cyclodextrin Based Controlled Drug Release System, Advanced Drug Delivery Review36: 125–141.
10.
10. Loftsson, T. and Kristmundsdóttir, T. (1993). Microcapsules Containing Water-soluble Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes of Water-insoluble Drugs. In: El-Nokaly, M., Piatt, D. and Charpentier, B. (eds.), Polymer Delivery Systems, Chapter 11, ACS Symposium Series 520, pp. 168–189, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
11.
11. Szente, Lajos and Szjetli, Jozsef (1999). Highly Soluble Cyclodexrin Derivatives: Chemistry, Properties and Trends in Development, Advanced Drug Delivery Review, 36: 17–28.
12.
12. Loftsson, Thorsteinn and Brewster, Marcus E. (1996). Pharmaceutical Applications of Cyclodextrin 1.Drug Solubilization and Stabilization, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 85(10): 3205-3205
13.
13. Watanabe, Y., Matsumoto, Y., Kawamoto, K.Yazawa, S. and Matsumuto. (1992). Enhancing Effect of Cyclodextrin on Nasal Absorption of Insulin, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 40: 3100-3100.
14.
14. USP Appendix 111 F A 105.
15.
15. Loftsson M, Thorsteinn, Sdottir, Thordis Kustmund, Ingvarsdottir, K. Olafsdottir and Baldvinsdottir, J. (1992). Preparation and Physical Evaluation of Microcapsules of Hydrophilic Drug – Cyclodextrin Complexes, J. Microencapsulation, 9(3): 375–382.
16.
16. Andreopoulous, A.G. (1989). Preparation and Swelling of Polymeric Hydrogels, J. Appl Polym Sci., 37: 2121–2129.
17.
17. Arvind, M. Mathur, Drescher, Benhard, Scranton, Alec and Klier, John (2000). Apolarity-sensitive Flourescence Study of the pH-dependent Aggregation of Poly(methacrylic-g-ethylene glycol) Copolymers in Water, Spectroscopy, 15(4): 36–43.
18.
18. O. Akala, Emanual, Kopeckova, Pavlo and Kopecek, Jindres (1998). Novel pH Sensitive Hydrogels with Adjustable Swelling Kinetics, Biomaterials, 19: 1037–1047.
19.
19. Knudsen, Benjamin, R., Lambertsenkeins, L. and Peterson, Steffen B. (2002). Flourescence Spectroscopic Study of the Inclusion Complex Between Human Insulin and βCD, EJP Electronic Journal of Biotechnology (online), ISSN: 0717-3458.
20.
20. Ragewski, R.A. and Stella, V.J. (1996). Pharmaceutical Applications of CD, J. Pharm. Sci., 85: 1142–1168.
21.
21. Uekama, K. and Irie, T.Pharmaceutical Use of Cyclodextrin in Various Drug Formulations. In: Szejtli, Jozsef and OSA, Tetsuo (eds.), Comprehensive Supramolecular Chemistry, Vol. 3, Cyclodextrins, pp. 451–482, Elsevier Science, New York.
