Pleural disease involves a specific component of the respiratory system—the pleura. Treatment of pleural disease frequently involves drainage of the pleural space to return pressure dynamics, and thus respiratory function, to a normal state. This article discusses the contribution of the pleura to healthy respiratory function, diseases of the pleural system, and treatment of pleural disease, with specific attention to drainage by chest tube in the pleural space. Complications and troubleshooting of drainage systems will be discussed. Finally, how to manage pleural disease and treatments within the context of patient- and family-centered care are reviewed.
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