This study aimed to determine the incidence and the molecular mechanisms of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in patients from the Sétif University Hospital, Algeria. Nonduplicate clinical bacterial isolates recovered from patients attending the University Hospital of Sétif were collected between April and October 2018. Species identification was performed by MALDI-TOF/MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) method. The susceptibility of the isolates to carbapenems was determined using the disc diffusion method. The carbapenem resistant isolates were screened for the presence of common carbapenemase genes (blaKPC, blaOXA-48, blaVIM, blaIMP, and blaNDM) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (blaCTX, blaTEM, and blaSHV) using PCR and sequencing technique. A total of 123 nonrepetitive Enterobacteriaceae isolates were obtained. Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 52/42.28%), Escherichia coli (n = 24/19.51%), and Enterobacter cloacae (n = 19/15.45%) were the most prevalent species. The Carba-NP test showed that 6 out of 123 isolates carried carbapenemase enzymes. OXA-48 was found in five isolates (four K. pneumoniae and one E. coli) and NDM-5 in one E. cloacae isolate. We reported for the first time in Algeria the presence of NDM-5 carbapenemase enzyme in a clinical E. cloacae isolate.
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