Aims: Retinal detachment induces neural and photoreceptor cell degeneration and fast activation
of micro- (immune) and macroglial cells. Hypoxia caused by increased distance between
the choriocapillaris and the neural retina, and retinal oedema during detachment, are
factors causing gliotic responses and cell degeneration. Triamcinolone may inhibit some cellular
responses that accompany hypoxia. Therefore, we investigated whether triamcinolone
acetonide may be effective to reduce the gliotic alterations in the detached retina.
Methods: Local retinal detachment in rabbit eyes was created by subretinal injection of
sodium hyaluronate, and triamcinolone acetonide (8 mg) was applied intravitreally. Wholecell
patch-clamp records from Muller cells and Ca2+ imaging from retinal wholemounts were
carried out. Microglial/immune cells in the nerve-fiber layer of retinal wholemounts were labeled
with Griffonia simplicifolia agglutinin (GSA) isolectin. Additionally, two morphological
parameters which characterize microglial activation/immune cell infiltration were estimated:
the cross-sectional area of the somata of the cells in the nerve-fiber layer and the
number of cell processes which evolve from the soma.
Results: Three days after detachment, gliotic alterations were apparent in Muller cells isolated
from both detached and nondetached retinal areas, as indicated by the cellular hypertrophy,
by the downregulation of the plasma membrane K+ conductance, and by the upregulation
of intracellular Ca2+ responsiveness to stimulation of purinergic P2Y receptors.
Intravitreal triamcinolone did not alter these gliotic alterations of Muller cells. Furthermore,
triamcinolone could not inhibit the immune cell activation present in detached and attached
retinal areas. However, intravitreal triamcinolone led to a strong decrease in the process number
of GSA lectin-positive cells from detached retinas.
Conclusions: The results suggest that triamcinolone is ineffective to inhibit gliotic responses
in the detached retina. However, the immune cell activation after detachment was partially
influenced by triamcinolone.
