Protective Effect of Some Tropical Vegetables Against CCl 4 -Induced Hepatic Damage

Abstract

In the present study, ethanolic extracts of some tropical vegetables were investigated for their hepatoprotective effect against CCl₄ -induced liver damage in rats. CCl₄ at a dose of 0.5 mL/kg of body weight produced liver damage in rats as manifested by the rise in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total protein in serum (40.60 ± 3.50 IU/L, 80.60 ± 5.10 IU/L, and 73.20 ± 1.87 g/L, respectively) and in liver homogenate (1,300.00 ± 7.38 IU/L, 1,660.00 ± 13.69 IU/L, and 250.00 ± 7.51 g/L, respectively) compared to the control. The extracts at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight were administered to the CCl₄-treated rats. The vegetables at a dose of 250 mg/kg of body weight produced a significant hepatoprotective effect by decreasing the serum levels of ALT, AST, and total protein to values in the range of 11.21 ± 1.90–16.22 ± 1.00 IU/L, 29.00 ± 2.70–48.00 ± 2.10 IU/L, and 62.10 ± 2.40–70.13 ± 2.00 g/L and at a dose of 500 mg/kg of body weight to 13.00 ± 1.20–21.00 ± 1.30 IU/L, 40.00 ± 2.5–59.00 ± 2.20 IU/L, and 68.00 ± 2.40–72.00 ± 2.10 g/L, respectively. Similar results were obtained for liver homogenate levels of ALT, AST, and total protein with decreasing values compared with the CCl₄-treated rats: 900.00 ± 3.05–1,020.00 ± 4.25 IU/L, 1,150.00 ± 5.57–1,530.00 ± 4.99 IU/L, and 150.00 ± 3.12–185.00 ± 3.00 g/L and 900.00 ± 3.05–1,030.00 ± 8.80 IU/L, 1,400.00 ± 6.95–1,530.00 ± 8.50 IU/L, and 165.0 ± 5.50–210.00 ± 4.41 g/L, respectively, at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of the extracts on lipid peroxidation, measured as malondialdehyde (MDA), was estimated on the liver homogenate. A significant hepatoprotective effect was also noticed with a decreased value of the MDA levels: 46.00 ± 0.08–52.00 ± 0.06 and 47.00 ± 0.07–60.00 ± 0.10 nmol of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances/g of liver protein at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. It could be concluded that all the evaluated vegetables exhibit good hepatoprotective activities, though to varying degrees.