Analysis of European Baseline Series Patch Test Results in Adult Patients in Adana Province,Turkey;Single Center Experience

Abstract

Abstract: Background: The allergens that cause sensitivity in patch tests may vary between populations and may even change over the years depending on environmental factors.

Objectives: We aimed to determine the frequency of sensitizing allergens in patch tests.

Methods: The files of 1001 patients who underwent the European Baseline Series in a reference regional hospital in Turkey were screened.

Results: The rate of at least one positivity was found to be 45.3%. The rate of at least one positivity was 48.5% in women and 38.7% in men, which was statistically significant (P = 0.003). The top three allergens with a positive reaction were nickel sulfate (21.6%), potassium dichromate (6.6%), and cobalt chloride (6.5%), respectively. While the rate of at least one positive case was 44.8% until December 2023, this rate was 48.8% after December 2023. While at least one positivity was 37.7% in those aged 65 and over, it was 45.7% in those under 65 (P = 0.258). Potassium dichromate positivity was found to be higher in men (P = 0.007). Nickel sulfate sensitivity was higher in women and under 40 years of age (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Budesonide, fragrance mix I (FMI), FMII sensitivity were observed more in men (P = 0.003, P = 0.032, P < 0.001, respectively). Peru balsam, FMI, and FMII positivity were more common over 40 years of age (P = 0.003, P = 0.003, P = 0.008, respectively). After December 2023, potassium dichromate (P = 0.018) and FMII (P = 0.025) decreased, while neomycin sulfate (P = 0.015) increased.

Conclusions: Although nickel allergy has decreased with the measures taken against nickel sulfate, nickel sulfate still remains the number one allergen for positive reactions. The increase in positivity for cobalt chloride and p-phenylenediamine, especially neomycin sulfate, suggests that regulatory measures should be taken in this regard. The rate of at least one positivity in patch testing after December 2023 with newly added allergens has increased.