Potentiated Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor–Mediated Dilations in Cerebral Arteries Following Mild Head Injury

Abstract

Evidence in the literature suggests that endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) may act in a compensatory manner such that during conditions of compromised nitric oxide (NO), EDHF serves as a back-up mechanism. Given that constitutive NO synthase is chronically downregulated after head trauma, we tested the hypothesis that EDHF is potentiated following injury. Male adult rats were subjected to either sham injury (n = 27) or mild controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury (n = 26). Branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) directly within the contusion site were harvested either 1 or 24 h later, pressurized to 60 mm Hg in a vessel chamber and allowed to develop spontaneous tone. Relaxation to luminal application of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was similar in all groups. Relaxation to ATP in the presence of L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) and indomethacin was similar in all groups except for vessels isolated at 24 h following mild CCI injury. In this case, L-NAME and indomethacin had no effect on the ATP-mediated dilation. The ATP-mediated dilation in L-NAME and indomethacin-treated MCA branches was inhibited by charybdotoxin, an inhibitor of large conductance Ca2⁺-sensitive K⁺ channels. These findings suggest that there is a significant potentiation of the EDHF-mediated dilation to ATP in cerebral arteries isolated at 24 h following mild CCI injury.