Institutional Cooperation and the Ethical and Religious Directives

Davis Henry , Moral and Pastoral Theology (London, Sheed and Ward, 1958), p. 342.

See Noldin Hieronymus , Summa Theologia Moralis (Innsbruck: F. Rauch, 1923), II.119, 121, PP. 134, 137.

Smith Russell , “Ethical Quandary Forming Hospital Partnerships”, The Linacre Quarterly 63 (May 1996) 87–96.

National Conference of Catholic Bishops, Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services (Washington: USCC, 1995).

With Cathleen Kaveny M. , I discuss cases and the roles of the board and lawyers in negotiations concerning cooperation in “Ethical Issues in Health Care Restructuring”, Theological Studies 56 (1995) 45–59.

See my “The Function of the Principle of Double Effect”, Theological Studies 54 (1993) 294–315; Bruno Schueller, “The Double Effect in Catholic Thought: A Reevaluation”, Doing Evil to Achieve Good, ed. McCormick Richard , and Ramsey Paul (Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1978) 165–191.

James F. Keenan , and Shannon Thomas , eds., The Context of Casuistry (Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1995); Albert Johnson and Stephen Toulmin, The Abuse of Casuistry (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988).

Archbishop John R. Roach , and Cooke Cardinal Terence , “Testimony in Support of the Hatch Amendment”, Abortion and Catholicism, ed. Jung Patricia Beattie , and Shannon Thomas A. (New York: Crossroad, 1988) 10–43.

Gallagher John , “The Ecclesiology of the U.S. Bishops’ 1994 Health Care Directives”, Review for Religious 55 (1996) 230–248.

The principle is presented in the appendix of ERD. CHA has provided a wonderful model for understanding the principle in “Catholic Health Ministry in a Changing Environment: Maintaining Ethical Integrity”, Catholic Health Ministry in Transition (Silver Spring, MD: National Coalition on Catholic Health Care Ministry, 1995) 1–10. See also Boyle Joseph , “Radical Moral Disagreement”, Finnis John , Boyle Joseph , and Grisez Germain , eds., Nuclear Deterrence, Morality and Realism (Oxford: Oxford UP, 1987) 343–357; Anthony Fisher, “Cooperation in Evil”, Catholic Medical Quarterly 44 (1994) 15–22; my “The Principle of Material Cooperation”, with Thomas Kopfensteiner, Health Progress 76.3 (April 1995) 23–27; Judith Lee Kissell, “Cooperation with Evil: Its Contemporary Relevance”, The Linacre Quarterly 62 (1995) 33–45; Russell Smith, “The Principles of Cooperation in Catholic Thought”, Cataldo Peter , and Moraczewski Albert , eds., The Fetal Tissue Issue (Braintree, MA: Pope John XXIII Center, 1994).

Grisez Germain , “The Public Funding of Abortion: A Reply to Richard McCormick”, Homelitic and Pastoral Review 185.9 (1985) 50.

Davis , Moral and Pastoral Theology 343.

Denzinger Henricus , Enchiridion Symbolorum, 37 edition (Rome: Herder, 1976) 2151.

Davis provides a summary on this case in footnote 1, p. 347.

Denzinger, 3278, cf. 3195.

Denzinger 2715, 2758, 3634, 3917a. Davis, 348. Gury Jean Pierre , Compendium Theologiae Moralis, (Lungduni: J.B. Pelagaud, 1858) II. 921–26, pp.631–35. Benedictus Merkelbach, Summa Theologiae Moralis, (Paris: Desclee de Brouwer, 1932) III. 929–933, pp. 922–931.

Code of Canon Law, (1917) 855, 2. Davis 343.

Denzinger 3190–93. Davis 349–350.

Davis 351–2.

Healy Edwin , Moral Guidance (Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1942) 320; Gerald Kelly, Medico-Moral Problems (St. Louis: Catholic Hospital Association, 1958) 332–335.

USCC Administrative Board, “The Many Faces of AIDS: A Gospel Response”, Origins 17.28 (1987). See my “Prophylactics, Toleration and Cooperation: Contemporary Problems and Traditional Principles”, International Philosophical Quarterly, 29 (1989) 205–220.

Smith Russell , “The Principles of Cooperation and their application to the Present State of Health Care Evolution”, Catholic Health Ministry in Transition (Silver Spring, MD: National Coalition on Catholic Health Care Ministry, 1995) 1–6.

Davis 342–3.

Noldin, II. 118, pp. 133–4. Merkelbach, I. 489, p. 396.

See for instance, Cahill Lisa Sowle , and McCormick Richard , “The Vatican Document on Bioethics: Two Responses”, America 156 (1987) 246–8.

Grisez Germain , “Difficult Moral Questions, How Far May Catholic Hospitals Cooperate with Non-Catholic Providers”, Linacre Quarterly 62 (1995) 67–76, at 71–72.

Smith provides an interesting solution to the management of the IDN in “The Principles of Cooperation and Their application to the Present State of Health Care Evolution”.

Smith , “Ethical Quandary”, at 93.

Smith , “Ethical Quandary”, 92.

No author, “Catholic Health Ministry in a Changing Environment”, Catholic Health Ministry in Transition, 4.

No author, “Catholic Health Ministry in a Changing Environment”, Catholic Health Ministry in Transition, 5.

Russell Smith (from note 25) contends that implicit formal cooperation was rarely used in the manuals and then proceeds to cite McHugh's use of it. Then he argues that implicit formal cooperation is the same as immediate material cooperation, and refers the reader to texts by Zalba but the texts do not support Smith's claim. Then he admits that it is “unresolved” whether the situations analogous to the one I am addressing are “immediate”.

See 23 and 24 above.

Holmes Peter , Resistance and Compromise: The Political Thought of the Elizabethan Catholics (New York: Cambridge UP, 1982) 105 and 115.

“Reply of the Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith on Sterilizations in Catholic Hospitals”, Origins 6 (June 10, 1976) 33, 35.

USCC, “Sterilization Policy for Catholic Hospitals”, Origins 7 (December 8, 1977) 399–400.

Smith , “Ethical Quandary”, 94, Origins, 34.

Atkinson Gary , and Moraczewski Albert , A Moral Evaluation of Contraception and Sterilization (St. Louis: Pope John XXIII, 1979) 86–87.