Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2020-8
Improvement in fire retardancy with double-step chemical modification on Pinus radiata D. Don using dimethyl methylphosphonate with propylene oxide and maleic anhydride
Wood is prone to fire attack making its application restricted as building material. The current study aims to evaluate the effect of double step chemical modification on Pinus radiata using Dimethyl Methyl phosphonate with Propylene oxide and Maleic anhydride. Wood samples were modified by single step using Propylene oxide (PO) or Maleic anhydride (MA) and the double-step modification comprised firstly of pressure treatment with Dimethyl Methyl phosphonate (DMMP) followed by chemical modification using Propylene oxide (PD) or Maleic anhydride (MD). Thermal property was studied using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Derivative Thermogravimetric (DTG). The chemical modification resulted in better thermal stability of wood than control wood. Among treatments PD showed best fire retardancy property with maximum weight loss at 367°C with 18.2% residual mass. The preliminary study indicates that double step modification improved the thermal property increasing the temperature for maximum weight loss and residual mass comprising of char.
BeallFC, EicknerHW.1970. Thermal degradation of wood components: a review of the literature. U.S.D.A. Forest Service Research Paper, FPL 130.
2.
BodîrlãuR, TeacãCA, SpiridonI.2008. Chemical modification of beech wood: effect on thermal stability. BioResources. 3(3):789–800.
3.
BrowneFL.1958. Theories of the combustion of wood and its control. Forest Service Report No. 2136. Madison, WI: Forest Products Laboratory.
4.
CandanZ, AyrilmisN, DundarT, AtarM.2012. Fire performance of Lvl Lvlpanels treated with fire retardant chemicals. Wood Res. 57(4):651–658.
5.
DeviRR, MajiTK.2012. Chemical modification of Semul with styrene acrylonitrile co-polymer and organically modified nanoclay. Wood Sci Technol. 46:299–315. doi: 10.1007/s00226-011-0406-2
6.
DeviRR, MandalM, MajiTK.2012. Physical properties of simul (red-silk cotton) wood (Bombaxceiba L.) chemically modified with styrene acrylonitrile co-polymer and nanoclay. Holzforschung. 66:365–371. doi: 10.1515/hf.2011.164
7.
DoczekalskaB, BartkowiakM, ZakrzewskiR.2014. Esterification of willow wood with cyclic acid anhydrides. Wood Res. 59(1):85–96.
EllisWD, RowellRM.1984. Reaction of isocyanates with southern pine wood to improve dimensional stability and decay resistance. Wood Fiber Sci. 16(3):349–356.
10.
EllisWD, RowellRM.1989. Flame-retardant treatment of wood with a diisocyanate and an oligomerphosphate. Wood Fiber Sci. 21(4):367–375.
11.
EllisWD, RowellRM, LeVanSL, SusottRA.1987. Thermal degradation properties of wood reacted with Diethylchlorophosphate or Phenylphosphonic dichloride as potential flame retardants. Wood Fiber Sci. 19(4):439–445.
12.
HansmannC, WeichslbergerG, GindlW.2005. A two-step modification treatment of solid wood by bulk modification and surface treatment. Wood Sci Technol. 39:502–511. doi: 10.1007/s00226-005-0002-4
KarastergiouPS, PhilippouJL.2000. Thermogravimetric analysis of fire retardant treated particleboards. In: PhilippouJL, editor. Wood and fire safety. Greece: Thessaloniki; p. 385–394.
16.
LeeHL, ChenGC, RowellRM.2004. Thermal properties of wood reacted with a phosphorus pentoxide-amine system. J Appl Polym Sci. 91(4):2465–2481. doi: 10.1002/app.13408
17.
MacDonaldM, GouldinFC, FisherEM.2001. Temperature dependence of phosphorus-based flame inhibition. Combust Flame. 124(4):668–683. doi: 10.1016/S0010-2180(00)00236-4
18.
MatsonAF, DufourRE, BreenJF.1959. Part II. Survey of available information onignition of wood exposed to moderately elevated temperatures. In: Performance of type B gas vents for gas-fired appliances. Bulletin of research 51. Chicago, IL: Underwriters Laboratories; p. 269–295.
19.
PandeyKK, Jayashree, NagaveniHC.2009. Study of dimensional stability, decay resistance and light stability of phenylisothiocynate modified rubberwood. Bio Resources. 4(1):257–267.
20.
RowellRM.1983. Chemical modification of wood. Forest Product Abstracts. 6(12):363–382.
21.
RowellRM.2005. Chemical modification of wood. In: RowellR. M., editor. Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composite. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor and Francis, CRC Press; Chap. 14, p. 381–420.
22.
RowellRM, DietenbergerMA.2013. Thermal properties, combustion, and fire retardancy of wood. In: RowellR. M., editor. Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites. New York: CRC Press; p. 128–149.
23.
RowellRM, EllisWD.1984. Reaction of epoxides with wood. USDA Forest Service Research Paper, FPL 451. Madison, WI: Forest Products Laboratory.
24.
RowellRM, LeVan-GreenSL.2005. Thermal properties. In: RowellR. M., editor. Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; p. 121–138.
25.
RussellLJ, MarneyDCO, HumphreyDG, HuntAC, DowlingVP, CooksonLJ.2007. Combining fire retardant and preservative systems for timber products in exposed applications – state of the art review. Forest and Wood Products Research and Development Corporation.
26.
StimelyGL, BlankenhornPR.1985. Effects of species, specimen size, and heating rate on char yield and fuel properties. Wood Fiber Sci. 17(4):477–489.
