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) with c = 10.43731 Å by neutron diffraction. The spectral vibrational signature of Yb2O3 was also confirmed by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Yb2O3 is an amphoteric oxide with both acid and base character, which presents the potential for producing different hydrocarbons when used as a Fischer–Tropsch (FT) catalyst. It was found that Yb2O3 is indeed catalytically active and can be used to convert syngas (CO + H2) into useful hydrocarbons. Production of methane, ethene, and ethane was detected in the catalytic experiment performed at 500°C, but propane, propene, butane, and methanol were also detected in the experiment performed at 250°C. Hydrocarbons heavier than C4 were not observed. The limited data show deviation from a Flory–Schulz distribution suggesting additional surface processes are occurring beyond chain growth and termination.