This paper explores the resistance spot weldability of three martensitic (MS) steels of 1500 MPa tensile strength. A weld diameter versus current plot was developed for the three MS steels to investigate their weldable current range and expulsion characteristics. The mechanical performance of the welds was investigated using cross-tension, tensile-shear and hardness tests. It was found that the differences in electrical resistivity during the nugget growth period influenced the expulsion limit and, consequently, the weldable current range. The three MS steels failed in pullout failure mode but exhibited different plug ratios. Finally, the mechanical strength of the three MS steels was observed to be better than the other advanced high-strength steels (AHSS) such as DP600, TRIP1000 and PHS1500 steels.
AshiriR, MarashiSPH, ParkYD.Weld processing and mechanical responses of 1-GPa TRIP steel resistance spot welds. Weld J. 2018;97:157S–169S. doi:10.29391/2018.97.014
2.
BealCT.Mechanical behaviour of a new automotive high manganese TWIP steel in the presence of liquid zinc. To cite this version : Mechanical behaviour of a new automotive high manganese TWIP steel in the presence of liquid zinc [Thesis]. 2012. Available from: https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00679521.
3.
BatistaM, BrandiSD.Use of dynamic resistance and dynamic energy to compare two resistance spot welding equipments for automotive industry in zinc coated and uncoated sheets. Am J Eng Res. 2013;02:79–93. Available from: http://www.ajer.org/papers/v2(6)/M0267993.pdf.
4.
BhattacharyaD.Liquid metal embrittlement during resistance spot welding of Zn-coated high-strength steels. Mater Sci Technol (U.K). 2018;34:1809–1829. doi:10.1080/02670836.2018.1461595
FermérM, SvenssonH.Industrial experiences of FE-based fatigue life predictions of welded automotive structures. Fatigue Fract Eng Mater Struct. 2001;24:489–500. doi:10.1046/j.1460-2695.2001.00409.x
7.
AshiriR, MostaanH, ParkYd.A phenomenological study of weld discontinuities and defects in resistance spot welding of advanced high strength TRIP steel. Metall Mater Trans A Phys Metall Mater Sci. 2018;49:6161–6172. doi:10.1007/s11661-018-4900-0
8.
HarlinN, JonesTB, ParkerJD.Weld growth mechanism of resistance spot welds in zinc coated steel. J Mater Process Technol. 2003;143-144:448–453. doi:10.1016/S0924-0136(03)00447-3
9.
MarashiP, PouranvariM, AmirabdollahianS, . Microstructure and failure behavior of dissimilar resistance spot welds between low carbon galvanized and austenitic stainless steels. Mater Sci Eng A. 2008;480:175–180. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2007.07.007
10.
PouranvariM, MarashiSPH.Critical review of automotive steels spot welding: process, structure and properties. Sci Technol Weld Joining. 2013;18:361–403. doi:10.1179/1362171813Y.0000000120
11.
PouranvariM, MarashiSPH.Failure mode transition in AHSS resistance spot welds. Part I. Controlling factors. Mater Sci Eng A. 2011;528:8337–8343. doi:10.1016/j.msea.2011.08.017
PantP, RekhaMY, SchubertH, . Liquid metal embrittlement susceptibility of zinc-coated martensitic sheet steels. Mater Sci Eng A. 2023;863:143762, doi:10.1016/j.msea.2022.143762
SocietyAW.Test methods for evaluating the resistance spot welding behavior of automotive sheet steel (AWS D8.9M:2012). Ansi. 2012;7: 1-107.
17.
JungGS, LeeKY, LeeJB, . Spot weldability of TRIP assisted steels with high carbon and aluminium contents. Sci Technol Weld Joining. 2012;17:92–98. doi:10.1179/1362171811Y.0000000081
18.
LiuXD, XuYB, MisraRDK, . Mechanical properties in double pulse resistance spot welding of Q&P 980 steel. J Mater Process Technol. 2019;263:186–197. doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.08.018
19.
HajianniaI, ShamanianM, AtapourM, . Evaluation of weldability and mechanical properties in resistance spot welding of ultrahigh-strength TRIP1100 steel. SAE Int J Mater Manuf. 2018;12:5–18. doi:10.4271/05-12-01-0001
20.
EftekharimilaniP, Aaemvd, HermansMJM, . Microstructural characterisation of double pulse resistance spot welded advanced high strength steel. STWJ. 2017;22:545–554. doi:10.1080/13621718.2016.1274848
21.
RijndersM, RichardsonIM. (2015). Improved resistance spot weldability of 3rd generation AHSS for automotive applications.
22.
TamiziM, PouranvariM, MovahediM.The role of HAZ softening on cross-tension mechanical performance of martensitic advanced high strength steel resistance spot welds. Metall Mater Trans A. 2021;52:655–667. doi:10.1007/s11661-020-06104-5
ShojaeeM, ToltonC, MidawiARH, . Influence of loading orientation on mechanical properties of spot welds. Int J Mech Sci. 2022;224:107327, doi:10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2022.107327
25.
StadlerM, SchnitzerR, GruberM, . Influence of the cooling time on the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of a double pulse resistance spot welded medium-mn steel. Metals (Basel). 2021;11:1–11. doi:10.3390/met11020270
26.
BagS, DiGiovanniC, HanX, . A phenomenological model of resistance spot welding on liquid metal embrittlement severity using dynamic resistance measurement. J Manuf Sci Eng. Trans ASME. 2020;142:1–13.
27.
MahmudK, MuruganSP, ChoY, . Geometrical degradation of electrode and liquid metal embrittlement cracking in resistance spot welding. J Manuf Process. 2021;61:334–348. doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.11.025
28.
SherepenkoO, MohamadizadehA, . Determination of resistance spot weld failure path in ultra-high-strength press-hardened steel by control of fusion boundary transient softening. J Mater Sci. 2021;56:14287–14297. doi:10.1007/s10853-021-06165-w
29.
KuceraV, ZofkovaZ, DigiovanniC, . Investigation of liquid metal embrittlement during resistance spot welding of martensitic steel with Zn jet vapor-deposited coating. Metals (Basel). 2021;11:1813. doi:10.3390/met11111813
