Figure-eight shaped oscillation movement of laser was studied to improve the welding quality of 5-mm-thick 5083 aluminium alloy. The tests were conducted at 3 kW laser power for frequency levels ranging from 25 to 125 Hz and focal point positions as 0, −1 and −2 mm. The quality of welds was characterised by non-destructive testing methods including visual, liquid penetrant and radiographic inspections. In addition, mechanical properties were determined by tensile tests and microstructures were examined by digital video camera and optical microscope. The results showed that welds with lower penetration depth and less porous structure could be obtained at 125 Hz frequency independent of the focal point position when compared to the joints produced without beam oscillation.
LövebornD, LarssonJK, PerssonKA.Weldability of aluminum alloys for automotive applications. Phys Procedia. 2017; 89:89–99. doi: 10.1016/j.phpro.2017.08.011
2.
DasB, YadaiahN, OzahR, A perspective review on estimation of keyhole profile during plasma arc welding process. Mater Today. 2018; 5:6345–6350.
3.
LiH, ZouJ, YaoJ, The effect of TIG welding techniques on microstructure, properties and porosity of the welded joint of 2219 aluminum alloy. J Alloys Compd. 2017; 727:531–539. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.08.157
4.
XuJ, RongY, HuangY, Keyhole-induced porosity formation during laser welding. J Mater Process Technol. 2018; 252:720–727. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.10.038
5.
PastorM, ZhaoH, MartukanitzRP, Porosity, underfill and magnesium loss during continuous wave Nd: YAG laser welding of thin plates of aluminum alloys 5182 and 5754. Weld J. 1999; 78(6):207-S–216-S.
6.
GrefW, RussA, LeimserM, Double focus technique: influence of focal distance and intensity distribution on the welding process. Proceedings Volume 4831, First International Symposium on High-Power Laser Macroprocessing; (2003). doi:10.1117/12.497798; Event: LAMP 2002: International Congress on Laser Advanced Materials Processing, 2002, Osaka, Japan.
7.
HaboudouA, PeyreP, VannesAB, Reduction of porosity content generated during Nd: YAG laser welding of A356 and AA5083 aluminum alloys. Mater Sci Eng, A. 2003; 363:40–52. doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00637-3
8.
AnconaA, LugaraPM, SorgenteD, Mechanical characterization of CO2 laser beam butt welds of AA5083. J Mater Process Technol. 2007; 191:381–384. doi: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.03.048
9.
WangL, GaoM, ZhangC, Effect of beam oscillating pattern on weld characterization of laser welding of AA6061-T6 aluminum alloy. Mater Des. 2016; 108:707–717. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.07.053
10.
SamsonB, CoskunM, BarbieriG, Wobble head applications in laser welding aluminum and copper. 2017:21–25.
11.
ZhangX, ChenW, BaoG.Improvement of weld quality with beam-weavinglaser welding. ICALEO. 2003; 1307:1–10.
12.
ChenG, WangB, MaoS, Research on the “∞”-shaped laser scanning welding process for aluminum alloy. Opt Laser Technol. 2019; 115:32–41. doi: 10.1016/j.optlastec.2019.01.046
13.
FetzerF, SommerM, WeberR, Reduction of pores by means of laser beam oscillation during remote welding of AlMgSi. Opt Lasers Eng. 2018; 108:68–77. doi: 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2018.04.012
British Standards Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys Sheet Strip and Plate Part 2: Mechanical Properties; BS EN 485-2:2004.
16.
Standard, ASTM E8/E8M-13a. Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials. West Conshohocken (PA): ASTM International; 2013.
17.
OkonP, DeardenG, WatkinsK, Laser Welding of Aluminum Alloy 5083. In Beyer E, Patel R, Yao YL, Ostendorf A, editors. 21st International Congress on Applications of Laser and Electro-Optics, Congress Proceedings; 2002 Oct. 14–17; Scottsdale, AZ. Orlando, FL: Laser Institute of America; 2002.
18.
QuintinoL.Chapter 6, Conduction laser welding. In: KatayamaS., editor. Handbook of laser welding technologies: Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing; 2013. p. 144–145.
19.
QuintinoL, MirandaR, DiltheyD, Laser welding of structural aluminium. In: MoreiraP, da SilvaL, de CastroP, editor. Structural connections for lightweight metallic structures. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 33–57.
20.
KatayamaS.Chapter 1, Introduction: fundamentals of laser welding. In: KatayamaS., editor. Handbook of laser welding technologies: Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials. Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing; 2013. p. 3–6.
SetoN, KatayamaS, MatsunawaA.Porosity formation mechanism and suppression procedure in laser welding of aluminium alloys. Weld Int. 2001; 15(3):191–202. doi: 10.1080/09507110109549341
24.
KatayamaS, MizutaniM, MatsunawaA.Development of porosity prevention procedures during laser welding. In: MiyamotoI, KobayashiKF, SugiokaK, PopraweR, HelvajianH, editor. First International symposium on high-power laser macroprocessing; 2002 May 27–31 Vol. 4831. Osaka: SPIE Proceedings; 2003. p. 281–289.
25.
ZhangYM., PanC, MaleAT.Solidification behavior of Al-Mg aluminum alloy using double-sided arc welding process. J. Mater. Sci. Lett.2000; 19:831–833. doi: 10.1023/A:1006764826566
26.
NielA, Deschaux-BeaumeF, BordreuilC, Hot tearing test for TIG welding of aluminum alloys: application of a stress parallel to the fusion line. In: BöllinghausT, LippoldJ, CrossC, editor. Hot cracking phenomena in welds III; 2010 March; Columbus, OH. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2011. p. 43–58.
27.
AqidaSN, GhazaliMI, HashimJ.Effect of porosity on mechanical properties of metal matrix composite: an overview. J Teknol. 2004; 40(A):17–32.
28.
JohnCI.Laser processing of engineering materials: Principles, procedure and industrial applications. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann; 2005.
