Surface coverage is an important parameter in the shot peening process, exerting a significant influence on the residual stress field and surface roughness. In this study, a random-shots finite element model and a new coverage calculation method are employed to study the effect of shot peening coverage on the residual stress field and surface roughness of Q345qD steel. In addition, a shot peening experiment using a Q345qD steel specimen is designed to verify the simulation results. The results show reasonable agreement between the simulated values of the residual stress and roughness and those measured experimentally on the specimen. The obtained results revealed that coverage has significant influences on the residual stress field and surface roughness. In the actual shot peening process, engineers need to pay more attention to the stage of shot peening where coverage approaches 100%.
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