Nanostructured semiconductor, copper sulphide, CuS prepared by a mechanochemical synthesis in a large-scale operation industrial mill was modified by surfactant-assisted milling in a planetary mill. Surface modified CuS with cetrimonium bromide, and sodium dodecyl sulphate surfactants were characterised by particle size distribution and compared to mechanochemically synthesised CuS. X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis confirmed the binding of surfactants to the CuS structure. Transmission electron microscopy has revealed that the particles composed of nanocrystallites are embedded in the surfactant matrix. Their optical properties were studied using ultraviolet–visible and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The optical band gap energies were determined to be 1.70 and 1.63 eV for CuS modified with cetrimonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulphate.
WuCZhouGMaoDCTAB assisted synthesis of CuS microcrystals: synthesis, mechanism, and electrical properties. J Mater Sci Technol. 2013; 29(11):1047–1052. doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2013.09.004
2.
GaoLWangELianSMicroemulsion-directed synthesis of different CuS nanocrystals. Solid State Commun. 2004; 130(5):309–312. doi: 10.1016/j.ssc.2004.02.014
3.
ChenLShangYLiuHSynthesis of CuS nanocrystal in cationic gemini surfactant W/O microemulsion. Mater Des. 2010; 31(4):1661–1665. doi: 10.1016/j.matdes.2009.05.047
4.
AbdelhadyARamasamyKMalikMNew routes to copper sulfide nanostructures and thin films. J Mater Chem. 2011; 21(44):17888–17895. doi: 10.1039/c1jm13277f
5.
MukherjeeNSinhaAKhanGA study on the structural and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline CuS thin films grown by chemical bath deposition technique. Mater Res Bull. 2011; 46(1):6–11. doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2010.10.004
6.
LiuJXueD.Rapid and scalable route to CuS biosensors: a microwave-assisted Cu-complex transformation into CuS nanotubes for ultrasensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor. J Mater Chem. 2011; 21(1):223–228. doi: 10.1039/C0JM01714K
7.
WangMXieFLiWPreparation of various kinds of copper sulfides in a facile way and the enhanced catalytic activity by visible light. J Mater Chem A. 2013; 1(30):8616–8621. doi: 10.1039/c3ta11739a
8.
AuyoongYYapPHuangXOptimization of reaction parameters in hydrothermal synthesis: a strategy towards the formation of CuS hexagonal plates. Chem Cent J. 2013; 7:67. doi: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-67
9.
XieYCarboneLNobileCMetallic-like stoichiometric copper sulfide nanocrystals: phase- and shape-selective synthesis, near-infrared surface plasmon resonance properties, and their modeling. ACS Nano. 2013; 7(8):7352–7369. doi: 10.1021/nn403035s
10.
WangFDongHPanJOne-step electrochemical deposition of hierarchical CuS nanostructures on conductive substrates as robust, high-performance counter electrodes for quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells. J Phys Chem C. 2014; 118(34):19589–19598. doi: 10.1021/jp505737u
11.
NemadeKWaghuleyS.Band gap engineering of CuS nanoparticles for artificial photosynthesis. Mater Sci Semicond Process. 2015; 39:781–785. doi: 10.1016/j.mssp.2015.05.045
12.
KristlMBanIGyergyekS.Preparation of nanosized copper and cadmium chalcogenides by mechanochemical synthesis. Mater Manuf Process. 2013; 28(9):1009–1013.
LiSGeZ-HZhangaB-PMechanochemically synthesized sub-5 nm sized CuS quantum dots with high visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity. Appl Surf Sci. 2016; 384:272–278. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.05.034
15.
BalážMDutkováEBujňákováZMechanochemistry of copper sulfides: characterization, surface oxidation and photocatalytic activity. J Alloys Compd. 2018; 746:576–582. doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.02.283
16.
WangKTanG.Synthesis and optical properties of CuS nanocrystals by mechanical alloying process. Curr Nanosci. 2010; 6(2):163–168. doi: 10.2174/157341310790945713
17.
BalážP.Mechanochemistry in nanoscience and minerals engineering. Berlin: Springer; 2008.
18.
AchimovičováMDutkováETóthováEStructural and optical properties of nanostructured copper sulfide semiconductor synthesized in an industrial mill. Front Chem Sci Eng. 2019; 13(1):164–170. doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1755-2
19.
TailorJ.Existing information on covellite copper sulphide (CuS). Gujarat: Sardar Patel University; 2014.
20.
GodočíkováEBalážPGockEMechanochemical synthesis of the nanocrystalline semiconductors in an industrial mill. Powder Technol. 2006; 164(3):147–152. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2006.03.021
21.
ShalabayevZBalážMDaneuNSulfur-mediated mechanochemical synthesis of spherical and needle-like copper sulfide nanocrystals with antibacterial activity. ACS Sustainable Chem Eng. 2019; 7(15):12897–12909. doi: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b01849
22.
ChakkaVAltuncevahirBJinZMagnetic nanoparticles produced by surfactant-assisted ball milling. J Appl Phys. 2006; 99(8):E912. doi: 10.1063/1.2170593
23.
UllahMAliMAbd HamidS.Surfactant-assisted ball milling: a novel route to novel materials with controlled nanostructure – a review. Rev Adv Mater Sci. 2014; 37(1-2):1–14.
24.
ZhuLXieYZhengXFabrication of novel urchin-like architecture and snowflake-like pattern CuS. J Cryst Growth. 2004; 260(3-4):494–499. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2003.08.038
25.
QiHHuangJCaoLControlled synthesis of hierarchical flower-like CuS spheres by a facile microwave hydrothermal method. High-Performance Ceramics Vii, Pts 1 and 2. 2012; 512-515:265–268.
26.
SaranyaMSanthoshCRamachandranRHydrothermal growth of CuS nanostructures and its photocatalytic properties. Powder Technol. 2014; 252:25–32. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2013.10.031
27.
KunduJPradhanD.Influence of precursor concentration, surfactant and temperature on the hydrothermal synthesis of CuS: structural, thermal and optical properties. New J Chem. 2013; 37(5):1470–1478. doi: 10.1039/c3nj41142g
28.
GovindarajADeepakFGunariNSemiconductor nanorods: Cu, Zn, and Cd chalcogenides. Isr J Chem. 2001; 41(1):23–30. doi: 10.1560/50UU-PLWG-7KNE-0J4W
29.
LeitchJCollinsJFriedrichAInfrared studies of the potential controlled adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate at the Au(111) electrode surface. Langmuir. 2012; 28(5):2455–2464. doi: 10.1021/la204451s
30.
DarouieMAfsharSZareKInvestigation of different factors towards synthesis of CuS spherical nanoparticles. J Exp Nanosci. 2013; 8(4):451–461. doi: 10.1080/17458080.2011.593563
31.
LiuJXueD.Solvothermal synthesis of copper sulfide semiconductor micro/nanostructures. Mater Res Bull. 2010; 45(3):309–313. doi: 10.1016/j.materresbull.2009.12.013
HsuSNgoCBryksWShape focusing during the anisotropic growth of CuS triangular nanoprisms. Chem Mater. 2015; 27(14):4957–4963. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b01223
34.
WangYZhangLJiuHDepositing of CuS nanocrystals upon the graphene scaffold and their photocatalytic activities. Appl Surf Sci. 2014; 303:54–60. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.02.058
35.
PodiliSGeethaDRameshP.One-pot synthesis of CTAB stabilized mesoporous cobalt doped CuS nano flower with enhanced pseudocapacitive behavior. J Mater Sci-Mater Electron. 2017; 28(20):15387–15397. doi: 10.1007/s10854-017-7424-2
36.
HaramSMahadeshwarADixitS.Synthesis and characterization of copper sulfide nanoparticles in Triton-X 100 water-in-oil microemulsions. J PhysChem. 1996; 100(14):5868–5873.
37.
DixitSMahadeshwarAHaramS.Some aspects of the role of surfactants in the formation of nanoparticles. Colloids Surf. A. 1998; 133(1-2):69–75. doi: 10.1016/S0927-7757(97)00126-X
