El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la acción del efecto placebo en el tratamiento de la cefalea mediante biofeedback EMG. Un total de 22 pacientes de cefalea fueron asignados a tres condiciones experimentales: a) biofeedback EMG placebo con control interno; b) biofeedback EMG placebo con control externo; y c) biofeedback EMG real. Los resultados señalan que el biofeedback EMG placebo es tan eficaz como el real para reducir la frecuencia de la cefalea. Se discuten, por último, las distintas variables medidas en el estudio para determinar la naturaleza y eficacia del efecto placebo.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AndrasikF.HolroydK. A.«A test of specific and non-specific effects in the biofeedback treatment of tension headache».Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 1980, 48, 575–586.
2.
AviaM. D.«El control cognitivo del dolor».Rev. de Psic. Gral. y Apl., 1980, 35(1), 99–114.
3.
AviaM. D.KanferF. H.«Coping with aversive stimulation: the effects of training in a self-management context».Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1980, 4(1), 73–81.
4.
BakalD. A.«Headache: a biopsychological perspective».Psychological Bulletin, 1975, 82, 369–382.
BanduraA.«Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change».Psychological Review, 1977, 84(2) 191–215.
7.
BeecherH. K.«Experimental pharmacology and measurement of the subjective response».Science, 1952116, 157.
8.
BeecherH. K.Measurement of the subjective response. Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 1959.
9.
BlackM. S.LondonP.«The dimensions of guilt, religion and personal ethics».J. Soc. Psychol., 1966, 69, 39–54.
10.
BlanchardE. G.TeobaldE. E.WilliamsonD. A.SilverB. V.BrownD. A.«A controlled evaluation of temperature biofeedback in the treatment of migraine headaches».Archives of General Psychiatry, 197835, 581–588.
11.
BrehmJ. W.A theory of psuchological reactance.Nueva York, Academic Press, 1966.
12.
CarlssonJ. G.«Locus of control and frontal electromyographic response training».Biofeedback and Self-Regulation, 1977, 2, 259–270.
13.
CohenM. J.«Psychophysiological studies of headache: is there similarity between migraine and muscle contraction headache?»Headache, 1978, 18, 189–196.
14.
CohenJ. W.McarthurD. L.«Classification of migraine and tension headache from a survey of 10,000 headaches diaries».Headache, 1981, 21, 25–29.
15.
EngstromD.«Cognitive behavioral therapy in chronic pain treatment».Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, 1983, 5, 829–838.
16.
EvansF. J.«The placebo response in pain reduction», enBonicaJ. J. (ed.): Pain. Advances in neurology, Nueva York, Raven Press.
17.
FeldmanP. E.«The personal element in psychiatric research».Am. J. Psych., 1956, 113, 52.
18.
FrankJ. D.«Discussion of paper by H. J. Eysenck, the effects of psychotherapy».Int. J. Psychiatr., 19651150–152.
19.
GlassC. R.LeviL. H.«Perceived psychophysiological control: the effects of power versus powerlessness».Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1982, 1, 91–103.
20.
HaefnerD. P.SacksJ. M.MasonA. S.«Physicians' attitudes toward chemotherapy as a factor in psychiatric patients' responses to medication».J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 1960, 131, 64–69.
21.
HankoffL. D.EngelhardtD. M.FreedmanN.MannD.MargolisR.«Denial of illness»A.M.A. Arch. Gen. Psychiatr., 1960, 3, 657.
22.
HolroydK.PenzienD. B.«Cognitive change underlying the effectiveness of biofeedback training».Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1983.
23.
KanferF. H.SeidnerM. L.«Self-control: factors enhancing tolerance of noxious stimuli».Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1973, 25, 381–389.
24.
KnowlesJ. B.LucasC. J.«Experimental studies of the placebo response».J. Mont. Sci., 1960, 106, 231.
25.
KnoxV. JPhd;Hundfieldt-JonesC. E.Ba;ShumK.«Subject expectancy and the reduction of cold pressor pain with acupuncture and placebo acupuncture».Psychosomatic Medicine, 1979, 41(6), 477–486.
26.
KornblithS. J.RehmL. P.O'haraM. V.LamparskiD. M.«The contribution of self-reinforcement training and behavioral assignements to the efficacy of self-control therapy for depression».Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1983, 7(6), 499–527.
27.
McarthurD. L.CohenM. J.«Measures of forehead and finger temperature, frontalis EMG, heart rate and finger pulse amplitude during between migraine headaches».Headache, 1980, 20, 134–136.
OtisL. S.MccormickN. L.LucasJ. S.«Voluntary control of tension headache», enBiofeedback Research Society Meeting Abstracts, Spring, Colorado, 1974.
30.
PlotkinW. B.«The role of attributions of responsibility in the facilitation of unusual experiential states during alpha training: an analysis of the biofeedback placebo effect».Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 1980, 89(1), 67–78.
31.
QuallsP. J.SheehanP. W.«Imagery encouragement, absorption capacity and relaxation during electromyograph biofeedback».Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1981a, 41, 370–379.
32.
QuallsP. J.SheehanP. W.«Role of the feedback signal in electromyograph biofeedback: The relevance of attention».Journal of Experimental Psychology, 1981b, 110(2), 204–216.
33.
RobertsJ. M.HamiltonM.«Treatment of anxiety states».J. Ment. Sci., 1958, 104, 1052.
RossM.OlsonJ. M.«An expectancy-attribution model of the effects of placebos».Psychological Review, 1981, 88(5), 408–437.
36.
RuizM. A.Autocontrol. Estrategias cognitivas y diferencias individuales. Tesis doctoral sin publicar. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1983.
37.
RusselC. M.DaleA.AndersonD. E.«Locus of control and expectating in electromyographic biofeedback».Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1982, 26, 527–532.
38.
ShapiroA. K.«The placebo response», enHowelsJ. G. (ed.), Modern perspectives in world psychiatry.Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd, 1968.
39.
ShapiroA. K.WilnskyH.StrueningE. L.«Study of the placebo effect with a placebo test».Compreh. Psychiatr., 1968, 9, 118.
40.
SheardM. B.«The influence of doctor's attitude on the patient's response to antidepressant medication».J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 1963, 136, 555.
41.
SpielbergC. D.GorsuchR. L.LusheneR. E.Cuestionario de ansiedad estado-rasgo.Madrid, TEA, 1982.
42.
StaubE.TurskyB.SchwartzG.«Self-control and predictability: their effects on reactions to aversive stimulation».Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1971, 18, 157–162.
43.
TellegenA.«Practicing the two disciplines for relaxation and elightenment: comment on “Role of the feedback signal in electromyograph biofeedback: the relevance of attention”, by Qualls and Sheehan».Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 1981, 110, 217–226.
44.
TurinA.JohnsonW. G.«Biofeedback therapy for migraine headaches».Archives of General Psychiatry, 1976, 33, 517–519.
45.
UhlenhuthE. H.RickelsK.FisherS.ParkL. C.LibmanR. S.RockJ.«Drug doctor's verbal attitude and clinic setting in the symptomatic response to pharmacotherapy».Psychopharmacology, 1966, 9, 392–418.
46.
VallejoM. A.Estudio y tratamiento del dolor. Factores inespecíficos del entrenamiento en biofeedback. Tesis doctoral sin publicar. Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 1984.
47.
ZimmetG. D.«LOCUS of control and biofeedback: a review of the literature».Perceptual and Motor Skills, 1979, 49, 871–877.
