En el presente artículo se examinan las bases cognitivas de la comprensión lectora y las implicaciones de los conocimientos actuales sobre esta habilidad para la investigación, la enseñanza y la evaluación. En particular se examinan tres tipos de modelos que pretenden explicar tanto el proceso de comprensión lectora como las diferencias individuales en esta capacidad. Se describen los distintos niveles en que la información debe ser procesada durante la lectura y los tipos de información que sujetos con distinta capacidad de comprensión lectora utilizan para inferir el significado de las palabras a partir del contexto. Finalmente se comentan las implicaciones que los hechos descritos y analizados tienen para el entrenamiento y la evaluación de la capacidad estudiada.
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