Se efectúa una revisión crítica de las diferencias relacionadas con el sexo comunicadas por los psicólogos. Se muestra la influencia que ejercen las creencias populares acerca de la naturaleza del hombre y de la mujer, en los esludios científicos que recalcan más las diferencias que las similitudes tanto en la elección del comportamiento a investigar como en la terminología empleada en la descripción de las diferencias. El número de diferencias psicológicas relacionadas con el sexo bien documentadas, es pequeño en comparación con el de las diferencias entre los géneros que se dan en la sociedad. El hogar, la familia y el cuidado de los niños, todavía se consideran ámbitos propios de la mujer. Las mujeres que se incorporan al mundo laboral deben superar los obstáculos derivados de los estereotipos sobre los géneros, de las diferencias en cuanto a oportunidades, educación y formación, y de los efectos de las aspiraciones y motivaciones especificas de cada género. Las explicaciones de las diferencias deberán tener en cuenta la interacción de factores biológicos, psicológicos y sociales.
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