Personhood and the Persistent Vegetative State

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Callahan Daniel Setting Limits: Medical Goals in an Aging Society (Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1987), pp. 179–180.

Setting Limits: Medical Goals in an Aging Society (Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1987), p. 191.

Setting Limits: Medical Goals in an Aging Society (Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1987), p. 182.

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Idem., Summa Theologica, I, q. 3, a. 1, ad 1; also I, q. 77, a. 1, ad 2.

Idem., Summa Theologica, q. 75, a. 2.

Idem., Summa Theologica, q. 76, a. 4.

Idem, Commentary on the Metaphysics of Aristotle, translated by John P. Rowan, Vol, 1 (Chicago: Henry Regnery Co., 1961), Book V, Lesson 10, p. 349.

Idem., Summa Theologica, I, q. 4, a. 1, ad 3.

Idem., Summa Theologica, q. 29, a. 4.

Idem., Summa Theologica, q. 75, a. 2.

Idem., Summa Theologica, q. 76, a. 1, ad 5.

“The President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine and Biomedical Behavior Research: Defining Death: Medical, Legal, and Ethical Issues in the Determination of Death,” (U.S. Government Printing Service, Washington, D. C.), p. 15.

Cranford Ronald “The Persistent Vegetative State: The Medical Reality (Getting the Facts Straight)” Hastings Center Report, Vol. 18, No. 1 (February/March, 1988), pp. 27–28.

Hastings Center Report, p. 28.

Jennett Bryan , and Plum Fred “Persistent Vegetative State After Brain Damage”, The Lancet (April 1, 1972), 737.

Cranford, p. 28. q. also, Alan Shewmon, M.D., “The Metaphysics of Brain Death. Persistent Vegetative State, and Dementia.” Thomist 49 (1985), pp. 34–35.

Cranford p. 28.

Jennett , and Plum p. 736.

Cranford p. 30.

Cranford, pp. 29–30.

Cranford, pp. 30–31.

Cranford, p. 28.

Cranford Ronald E. , and Smith Harmon L. “Some Critical Distinctions Between Brain Death and the Persistent Vegetative State”, Ethics in Science and Medicine 6 (1979), p. 204.

Cranford “Getting the Facts Straight”, p. 28.

Grisez Germain , and Boyle Joseph M. Jr. Life and Death With Liberty and Justice: A Contribution to the Euthanasia Debate. (Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1979), pp. 59–61.

Cranford p. 27.

Bernat M. D. , James L. “On the Definition and Criterion of Death”, Annals of Internal Medicine 94 (1981), p. 391.

“An Appraisal of the Criteria of Cerebral Death, A Summary Statement, A Collaborative Study,” Journal of the American Medical Association 237 (March 7, 1977), pp. 983–985.

Smith M.D. Jr. , Kenneth R. “The Medical Approach to the Determination of Death”, Moral Responsibility in Prolonging Life Decisions (St, Louis: Pope John XXIII Medical Center, 1981), pp. 47–49.

Veith M.D. , Frank I. “Brain Death: I. A Status Report of Medical and Ethical Considerations”, Journal of the American Medical Association 238 (Oct. 10, 1977): 1652.

Ashley O.P. , Benedict , and O'Rourke O.P. , Kevin Ethics of Health Care (St. Louis: The Catholic Hospital Association, 1986), pp. 197–198.

Cranford and Smith , p. 207.