In recent years, study ofdevelopment (FD) has progressed significantly, such that it has become an emerging discipline with an extensive body of literature, with a primary focus regarding FD effectiveness across disciplines.review of review studies was conducted to systematically synthesize the findings of 14studies on FD, published between 1990 and.main purpose of this review study was to investigate the current FD literature, concentrating on the identificationFD activities, evaluation methods, outcomes, and influential factors.findings indicate that a large number of review studiesconducted inand medical field, focusing primarily on teaching improvement, used aliterature review method and applied Kirkpatrick's evaluation taxonomy to assess FD outcomes. The most common FD outcomes involved changes in faculty members’ knowledge, skills, and behavior.on the findings, we developed a conceptual framework for FD, centering on FD effectiveness. These findings and the conceptual framework would contribute tofoundation for the enhancement of FD research and practices.
The references with * are eligible reviews included in this review.
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