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Research article

First published 2020-11

A Reflective–Formative Hierarchical Component Model of Perceived Authenticity

Thi Hong Hai Nguyen

Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research

Open access

Research article

First published 2023-4

Reflective-Formative Hierarchical Component Model for Characteristic-Adoption Model

Stany Wee Lian Fong, Hishamuddin bin Ismail, Tan Pei Kian

Sage Open

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Research article

First published 2019-1

A formative measurement approach for exploring how to form service quality in hot spring resorts

Xiaoming Liu, Yi Fu, Ren-Fang Chao [...]

Tourism and Hospitality Research

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Research article

First published 2017-8

Not Merely a Matter of Drawing Arrows: The Empirical Consequences of Measurement Model Specification and Recommendations for Practice

Elisa K. Chan, Michael Sturman, Sanghee Park [...]

Cornell Hospitality Quarterly

Open access

Research article

First published 2020-3

Toward an Integrative Psychometric Model of Emotions

Jens Lange, Jonas Dalege, Denny Borsboom [...]

Perspectives on Psychological Science

Open access

Research article

First published 2019-4

Effects of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Business Performance: The Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction—A Formative–Reflective Model Analysis

Héctor Cuevas-Vargas, Neftalí Parga-Montoya, Rudy Fernández-Escobedo

Sage Open

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Research article

First published 2025-6

Understanding and Employing Formative Constructs: Conceptualization,Operationalization,and Threats of Misspecification

Adiyukh Berbekova, Florian Kock, A. George Assaf [...]

Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research

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Research article

First published 2011-10

A Commentary on the Use of Formative Measurement

Andrew Hardin, George A. Marcoulides

Educational and Psychological Measurement

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Research article

First published 2011-4

The Fallacy of Formative Measurement

Jeffrey R. Edwards

Organizational Research Methods

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Research article

First published 2009-08

Meaning,Internalization,and Externalization

Alison Le Cornu

Adult Education Quarterly

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