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Review article

First published 2022-12

Who are hikikomori? Demographic and clinical features of hikikomori (prolonged social withdrawal): A systematic review

Shunsuke Nonaka, Tomoya Takeda, Motohiro Sakai

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

Open access

Research article

First published 2025-12

From pixels to isolation: Exploring the relationship between technological addiction,depression,hikikomori risk factors,and hikikomori tendencies among young adults

Patrick K. F. Lin, Philmon K. H. Lim, Yong Jie Yow [...]

International Journal of Social Psychiatry

Open access

Research article

First published 2025-12

Hikikomori Risk in the UK

Gregory Gorman, Alison Bacon, Jon May [...]

International Journal of Social Psychiatry

Open access

Review article

First published 2024

Clarifying the position of hikikomori in mental health: Is hikikomori a variant of already-known mental health disorders? A review of the literature

Simone Amendola

Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology

Open access

Article commentary

First published 2024

Hikikomori and the false positives challenge: Comment on Amendola's “Clarifying the position of hikikomori in mental health”

Jerome C. Wakefield

Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology

Retricted access

Research article

First published 2014-9

Prolonged social withdrawal disorder: A hikikomori case in Spain

Santiago Ovejero, Irene Caro-Cañizares, Victoria de León-Martínez [...]

International Journal of Social Psychiatry

Retricted access

Research article

First published 2022-2

Hikikomori Risk Inventory (HRI-24): A new instrument for evaluating Hikikomori in both Eastern and Western countries

Yura Loscalzo, Cristian Nannicini, I-Ting Huai-Ching Liu [...]

International Journal of Social Psychiatry

Retricted access

Research article

First published 2005-6

Hikikomori,is it a Culture-Reactive or Culture-Bound Syndrome? Nidotherapy and a Clinical Vignette from Oman

Noriyuki Sakamoto, Rodger G. Martin, Hiroaki Kumano [...]

The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine

Retricted access

Research article

First published 2024-8

Prevalence of and factors influencing Hikikomori in Osaka City,Japan: A population-based cross-sectional study

Koji Kanai, Yuri Kitamura, Ling Zha [...]

International Journal of Social Psychiatry

Open access

Research article

First published 2026

Childhood Trauma and Hikikomori in Social Anxiety Disorder: The Mediating Role of Cognitive Distortions

Mustafa Karaağaç, Betül Bakay, Fadime Şimşek [...]

International Journal of Social Psychiatry

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