Chinese Public Administration Review

This article argues that, in our rapidly changing, increasingly complex worId, govemment matters. It always has and arguably now matters more than ever largely because of the context within which we live — a context in which more than two decades of govemment bashing have taken their toll on pride and capacity in public service, leaving an emusculaled public actor to deal with the immense challenges of today's world. To make this argument the historical shifts of perspecitve on government and the marketplace are describe along with the changes occurring so rapidly in our world. Second, the impact of the recent shift to a pro-marketplace bias and the impacts of globalization. interdependence and increased tribulism on governments and on public administration are described. Finally, some key challenges facing public administration as a result of these changes are discussed.

Historically, there have been three paradigms of public management, namely, the Machiavelli-Hobbes Paradigm (MHP), the Wilson-Weber Paradigm (WWP), and the Ostrom-Hayek Paradigm (OHP). These paradigms have different characteristics and face different challenges. After more than 100 years of development throughout the western countries, the WWP has achieved its almost, having emerged as an obstacle to further development. Given this, Western countries are now embracing the OHP, and the New Public Management is a reform that is fostering this transfoirmation. In China, however, the situation is very different. Due to the feudal traditions and the dominant governmance method (rule by man, not by law). pub-Ik administration in China contains several aspect of the MHP. Currently, China's most pressing challenge encompasses instituting reforms that will cultivate a public administrative system where the title of law prevails. The change to bureaucracy and establishment of WWP is ultimately more critical than the New Public Management.

This paper traces the locus of China's local government reforms in recent years. It discusses cheir impact and searches for future directions; for further changes. The author argues (hat China's local government reforms may have come a long way, but what happens next will be more important in determining whether China's local government reforms will enjoy lasting Success. (A previous version of this paper was presented at the 2001 Annual Political Science Association Conference. San Francisco, Aug. 20, Sept 3.)

China has entered a new period in its history. In order to foster economic development and preserve a balanced of society, it is imperative that the Chinese government execute the country's criteria of public administration as institutional administration, legal administration, democratic administration, efficient administration, regular adminitration, credit administration, civil administration, professional administration. development administration, and so on.

This article examines three fundamental questions with respect to the place of e-government in graduate education for cancers in public service. First, where does e-govemment fit in the curriculum of graduate programs in public policy and administration? Second, might we expect the answer to this question to vary depending on the institutional home and type of public affaire degree? Third, should we expect programs to offer a required course on e-government or should we aim to integrate material on e-govemment throughout the curriculum? These questions are approached through standards developed for public affairs education in the United States. hut they are examined in the context of international variations in governance, technology, and education.

The article first traces the development of e-government across the globe, summarizing important issues and considerations that governments must answer as they pursue e-government initiatives. It then reviews standards that have been developed for public affairs education in the United States and turns to the question of how in incorporate e-government in the curricalum.

E-government involves much more than technological and information management questions. Thus, it has implications for the entire public affairs curriculum. It is unlikely that a single course can successfully covers technical, managerial, and policy dimensions of e-government. For must programs, it will be more productive to explore e-government across a range of courses in the existing curriculum. The approach that is taken is likely to be affected by institutional setting, resources, and faculty competencies. It is also likely to be shaped by the broader social, economic, and political environments in which programs operate. Although the stage of e-government development in the country is likely to make a difference, although we can also hope that our training will also shape e-government's development.

In an attempt to overcome barriers to trade posed by numerous and: often contradictory national-level environmetral requirements, the international Organization Tor Standardization (ISO) has created a voluntary set of uniform envirnmental management system guidelines for firms, formally known as ISO 14001. Firms may decide 10 implement an ISO environmental management system (EMS) and become third-party certified in order to improve their environmental management and to increase their marketability. This study examines the relative costs, benefits, and motivations for ISO certification for China compared to other economically developing and developed countries. These comparisons allow to better understand the ways in which the unique economic and potilical conditions within China affect the incentives for Chinese firms to join in vuluntary self-regulatory measures. Survey results indicate that ISO 14001 cerlified firms in China are experiencing benefits equal to or greater than their peers in other countries. Benefits to environmental management appear to be significant and they generally outweigh (he costs of implementation and certification. However, as with most voluntary, the potential for abuse remains. Therefore regulators and policy makers are advised not to grant regulatory relief or inspections except on a case-by-case basis.

The power of an organization comes from its members and it is the commitment of developing an intersubjective, experience with other members that nukes the administration functional. To translate the intersubjectively concept to life, it can he interpreted as follows: to be a member of an organization is to think and act in a certain way. of particular goals, values, pictures of the world, and to think and art so as to belong to an organization. In reali organization members have diversified backgrounds & cultural, sexual, educational, ethnic, and age – there are in building an intersubjective undemanding. To name a few, not recognizing the need for nor being willing to build intersubjectivity, lack of trust among members, lack of complete information when constructing intersub- ambiguity of language, cultural differences among members of an organization, action being different from words, recognition of changing condition, and valuing efficiency over long-term committment. Some tools, such as action can be used to overcome these difficulties. Action skills can be acquired through continuous education.

education engineering is the process of utilizing technological teaching and systematic evaluation, and is char applied teaching subjects and practical cvlassroom education. The essential ways to actualize UFA eduation engi role simulation, practical teaching, case study, on-the- job training, etc.

To Strengthen the overall development and management of government human resources is not only of vital importance to the development of China's government and nation, but also plays an important role in meeting the needs of digital development and management after China's entry into the World Trade Organization. Therefore, beginning with the transformation from government personnel administration to a philosophy pursuing the development of government hitman resources, this article discusses the peculiarities, the contents, the trends of development, and the construction of twenty information Local Area Networds.

Based upon an analysis of different academic views on public policy, this article points out the deficiency of each, David Easton's view of “allocation of values.” Through the analysis of solutions to public problems, this article that the nature of public policy is government, which takes governmental interests and public interests into consideration, and chooses to reduce either objective difference or subjective differences in order to solve public problems effec- and in a timely manner. Public policy can directly adjust social interest relations to reduce objective difference by exer- three positive functions — production, allocation, and exchange of public interests. It can further set public interests and merely mitigate public dissatisfaction, or reduce subjective difference by reducing or diverting public expectations. Furthermore, government must guard and restrain public policy's inherent negative consumption function of public interests.

The area of best practice research has only rcccntly begun to embrace statistically based comparisons as a basis for ying recommended practices. In part motivated by growing interest in performance measurement activities these new hes hold significant potential for improving out ability to identify and utilize true best practices. Unfortunately, little been done to study how to apply statistical methods to this task appropriately. In this paper a Monte Carlo evaluation is loped to demonstrate that how Quantile Regression methods can be used to identify best practice. After a brief literature and a summary of the Quantile Regression technique, the paper develops a specific monte carlo simulation design statistical situations with varying numbers of high, medium and low performing organizations. Next, we apply quan regression to the simulated data and attempts to develop some reasonable guidance about how to apply quantile rcgres to real world data. The results demonstrate that quantile regression can accurately estimate different models for different types of organizations (e.g. high and low performing) and should be considered as an effective tool for the empirical study of practices when samples of similar organizations are available. As an order based statistical estimation approach, it also the virtue of being more robust than typical moment approaches.

This paper is based on a working paper developed at The Maxwell School in June 2001, which was partially funded by doctoral research grant from the Dean of The Maxwell School and the Center for Technology and Information Policy.

How can an atmosphere of innovation be infused into cultures (national cultures as well as organizational cultures) that are commonly associated with such traditionally viable values as stability and conformity? Understanding the linkage between trust and innovation could be very important to any organization, particularly where extensive innovation adoption is necessary, as in China's transition.

In this paper, innovation adoption is associated with the degree of trust by managers of organizations in the behavior of their members. As a methodological model. the paper describes a consulting project that surveyed ten Southern California Hospitals, with fifty organizational groups and over 800 participants, questioning their per of organisational climate elements as well as their observations of innovation adoptions. Trust-related zational climate elements were positively associated with the adoptions of administrative innovations and associated with adoptions of product/service innovations.

The paper proposes a curvilinear model to illustrate the trust/innovation association. It also suggests possible applications of the findings and discussion on the study of diffusion of innovative technologies in China and developing countries, The curvilinear model itself can perhaps be related to some Chinese cultural norms, particularly “doctrine of the mean” from Confucianism, The methodology may be applicable to important studies of inno- in China.