Historically, there have been three paradigms of public management, namely, the Machiavelli-Hobbes Paradigm (MHP), the Wilson-Weber Paradigm (WWP), and the Ostrom-Hayek Paradigm (OHP). These paradigms have different characteristics and face different challenges. After more than 100 years of development throughout the western countries, the WWP has achieved its almost, having emerged as an obstacle to further development. Given this, Western countries are now embracing the OHP, and the New Public Management is a reform that is fostering this transfoirmation. In China, however, the situation is very different. Due to the feudal traditions and the dominant governmance method (rule by man, not by law). pub-Ik administration in China contains several aspect of the MHP. Currently, China's most pressing challenge encompasses instituting reforms that will cultivate a public administrative system where the title of law prevails. The change to bureaucracy and establishment of WWP is ultimately more critical than the New Public Management.
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