LandtblomAM, FlodinU, SoderfeldtBOrganic solvents and multiple sclerosis: a synthesis of the current evidence.Epidemiology.1996; 7: 429–33.
2.
CrinnionWJ. Results of a decade of naturopathic treatment for environmental illnesses: a review of clinical records.J Naturopathic Med.1997; 7(2): 21–7.
3.
SwankRL. Treatment of multiple sclerosis with low-fat diet: result of seven years of experience.Ann Intern Med.1956; 45: 812–24.
4.
SwankRL, BourdillonRB. Multiple sclerosis: assessment of treatment with a modified low-fat diet.J Nerv Ment Dis.1960; 131: 468–88.
5.
SwankRL. Multiple sclerosis: twenty years on low fat diet.Arch Neurol.1970; 23: 46074.
SwankRL, DuganBB. Effect of low saturated fat diet in early and late cases of multiple sclerosis.Lancet.1990; 336: 37–9.
9.
SwankRL, GoodwinJ. Review of MS patient survival on a Swank low saturated fat diet.Nutrition.2003; 19: 161–2.
10.
NordvikI, MyhrKM, NylandH, BjerveKS. Effect of dietary advice and n-3 supplementation in newly diagnosed MS patients.Acta Neurol Scand.2000; 102: 143–9.
MeyerMG, JohnstonA, CocaAF. Is multiple sclerosis a manifestation of idioblaptic allergy?Psychiatr Q.1954(Jan);28:57–71.
13.
JonezHD. The allergic aspects of multiple sclerosis.Calif Med.1953; 79: 376–80.
14.
EhrentheilOF, SchulmanMH, AlexanderL. Role of food allergy in multiple sclerosis.Neurology.1952; 2: 412–26.
15.
MaasAG, HogenhuisLAH. Multiple sclerosis and possible relationship to cocoa: a hypothesis.Ann Allergy.1987; 59: 76–9.
16.
LangeLS, ShinerM. Small-bowel abnormalities in multiple sclerosis.Lancet.1976; 2: 1319–22.
17.
JellinekEH. Multiple sclerosis and diet.Lancet.1974; 2: 1006–7.
18.
MalosseD, PerronH, SascoA, SeigneurinJM. Correlation between milk and dairy product consumption and multiple sclerosis prevalence: a worldwide study.Neuroepidemiology.1992; 11: 304–12.
19.
AgJBD. The distribution of multiple sclerosis in relation to the dairy industry and milk consumption.N Z Med J.1976; 83: 427–30.
20.
AgranoffBW, GoldbergD. Diet and the geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis.Lancet.1974; 2: 1061–6.
21.
MillerSL, KlurfeldDM, LoftusB, KritchevskyD. Effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on myelin proteins.Lipids.1984; 19: 478–80.
22.
WigginsRC. Myelin development and nutritional insufficiency.Brain Res Rev.1982; 4: 151–75.
23.
ClausenJ, MollerJ. Allergic encephalomyelitis induced by brain antigen after deficiency in polyunsaturated fatty acids during myelination.Acta Neurol Scand.1967; 43: 375–88.
24.
SelivonchickDP, JohnstonPV. Fat deficiency in rats during development of the central nervous system and susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.J Nutr.1975; 105: 288–300.
25.
LevineS, SowinskiR. Effect of essential fatty acid deficiency on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats.J Nutr.1980; 110: 891–6.
26.
HughesD, KeithAB, MertinJ, CasparyEA. Linoleic acid therapy in severe experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the guinea-pig: suppression by continuous treatment.Clin Exp Immunol.1980; 41: 523–31.
TsangWM, BelinJ, MonroJARelationship between plasma and lymphocyte linoleate in multiple sclerosis.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.1976; 39: 767–71.
30.
NavarroX, SeguraR. Plasma lipids and their fatty acid composition in multiple sclerosis.Acta Neurol Scand.1988; 78: 152–7.
31.
LoveWC, CashellA, ReynoldsM, CallaghanN. Linoleate and fatty-acid patterns of serum lipids in multiple sclerosis and other diseases.Br Med J.1974; 3: 18–21.
32.
NeuIS. Essential fatty acids in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients.Acta Neurol Scand.1983; 67: 151–63.
33.
YoshidaM, TakaseS, ItaharaK, NakanishiT. Linoleate and fatty acid compositions in the serum lipids of Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis.Acta Neurol Scand.1983; 68: 362–4.
JoyceG, FieldEJ. Further observations with the erythrocyte-unsaturated fatty acid test.Eur Neurol.1980; 19: 266–72.
36.
FieldEJ, ShentonBK. Inhibitory effect of unsaturated fatty acids on lymphocyte-antigen interaction with special reference to multiple sclerosis.Acta Neurol Scand.1975; 52: 121–36.
37.
FieldEJ, ShentonBK, JoyceG. Specific laboratory test for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Br Med J.1974; 1: 412–4.
38.
TamblynCH, SwankRL, SeamanGVF, ZukoskiCFIV. Red cell electrophoretic mobility test for early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis.Neurol Res.1980; 2: 69–83.
39.
FieldEJ, JoyceG. Multiple sclerosis: effect of gamma linolenate administration upon membranes and the need for extended clinical trials of unsaturated fatty acids.Eur Neurol.1983; 22: 78–83.
40.
FieldEJ, JoyceG. Effect of prolonged ingestion of gamma-linolenate by MS patients.Eur Neurol.1978; 17: 67–76.
41.
MillarJHD, ZilkhaKJ, LangmanMJSDouble-blind trial of linoleate supplementation of the diet in multiple sclerosis.Br Med J.1973; 1: 765–8.
42.
BatesD, FawcettPRW, ShawDA, WeightmanD. Polyunsaturated fatty acids in treatment of acute remitting multiple sclerosis.Br Med J.1978; 2: 1390–1.
43.
PatyDW, CousinHK, ReadS, AdlakhaK. Linoleic acid in multiple sclerosis: failure to show any therapeutic benefit.Acta Neurol Scand.1978; 58: 53–8.
44.
BatesD, FawcettPRW, ShawDA, WeightmanD. Trial of polyunsaturated fatty acids in non-relapsing multiple sclerosis.Br Med J.1977; 2: 932–3.
45.
DworkinRH, BatesD, MillarJHD, PatyDW. Linoleic acid and multiple sclerosis: a reanalysis of three double-blind trials.Neurology.1984; 34: 1441–5.
46.
NightingaleS, WooE, SmithADRed blood cell and adipose tissue fatty acids in mild inactive multiple sclerosis.Acta Neurol Scand.1990; 82: 43–50.
47.
CendrowskiW. Multiple sclerosis and MaxEPA.Br J Clin Pract.1986; 40: 365–7.
48.
GoldbergP, FlemingMC, PicardEH. Multiple sclerosis: decreased relapse rate through dietary supplementation with calcium, magnesium and vitamin D.Med Hypotheses.1986; 21: 193–200.
49.
BatesD, CartlidgeNEF, FrenchJMA double-blind controlled trial of long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.1989; 52: 18–22.
KiraJ, TobimatsuS, GotoI. Vitamin B12 metabolism and massive-dose methyl vitamin B12 therapy in Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis.Intern Med.1994; 33: 82–6.
54.
Anonymous.Vitamin B12 in multiple sclerosis.JAMA.1950; 143: 1272.
55.
WadeDT, YoungCA, ChaudhuriKR, DavidsonDLW. A randomised placebo controlled exploratory study of vitamin B-12, lofepramine, and L-phenylalanine (the “Cari Loder regime”) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.2002; 73: 246–9.
56.
BoothCB, LawyerTJr, von StorchTJC. Vitamin B12 in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.JAMA.1951; 147: 894.
57.
LebrunC, AlchaarH, CanditoMLevocarnitine administration in multiple sclerosis patients with immunosuppressive therapy-induced fatigue.Mult Scler.2006; 12: 321–4.
58.
TomassiniV, PozzilliC, OnestiEComparison of the effects of acetyl L-carnitine and amantadine for the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: results of a pilot, randomised, double-blind, crossover trial.J Neurol Sci.2004; 218: 103–8.
59.
HayesCE, CantornaMT, DeLucaHF. Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis.Proc Soc Exp Biol Med.1997; 216: 21–7.
60.
CantornaMT. Vitamin D and autoimmunity: is vitamin D status an environmental factor affecting autoimmune disease prevalence?Proc Soc Exp Biol Med.2000; 223: 230–3.
61.
MungerKL, ZhangSM, O'ReillyEVitamin D intake and incidence of multiple sclerosis.Neurology.2004; 62: 60–5.
62.
CantornaMT, HayesCE, DeLucaHF. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 reversibly blocks the progression of relapsing encephalomyelitis, a model of multiple sclerosis.Proc Natl Acad Sci.1996; 93: 7861–4.
63.
NievesJ, CosmanF, HerbertJHigh prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and reduced bone mass in multiple sclerosis.Neurology.1994; 44: 1687–92.
64.
KimballSM, UrsellMR, O'ConnorP, ViethR. Safety of vitamin D3 in adults with multiple sclerosis.Am J Clin Nutr.2007; 86: 645–51.
65.
BurtonJM, KimballS, ViethRA phase I/II dose-escalation trial of vitamin D3 and calcium in multiple sclerosis.Neurology.2010; 74: 1852–9.
66.
Soilu-HanninenM, AivoJ, LindstromBMA randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial with vitamin D3 as an add on treatment to interferon beta-1b in patients with multiple sclerosis.J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry.2012; 83: 565–71.
67.
SteinMS, LiuY, GrayOMA randomized trial of high-dose vitamin D2 in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Neurology.2011; 77: 1611–8.
68.
KanekoS, WangJ, KanekoMProtecting axonal degeneration by increasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis models.J Neurosci.2006; 26: 9794–804.
69.
LeeKC, PattersonV, RobertsG, TrimbleE. The antispastic effect of L-threonine. In: Lubec and Rosenthal, editors. Amino acids: chemistry, biology and medicine.Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 1990: 658–63.
70.
LeeA, PattersonV. A double-blind study of L-threonine in patients with spinal spasticity.Acta Neurol Scand.1993; 88: 334–8.
71.
HauserSL, DoolittleTH, Lopez-BresnahanMAn antispasticity effect of threonine in multiple sclerosis.Arch Neurol.1992; 49: 923–6.
72.
IsagerH. Serum folate in patients with multiple sclerosis.Acta Neurol Scand.1970; 46: 238–42.
BeckerKW, KieneckerEW, DickP, BonkeD. Enhancement of regeneration of the saphenous nerve after treatment with vitamins B1, B6, and B12 after cold lesion in the rabbit.Ann N Y Acad Sci.1990; 585: 477–9.
75.
WigginsRC. Myelin development and nutritional insufficiency.Brain Res Rev.1982; 4: 151–75.
76.
ZimmermanAW, MatthieuJM, QuarlesRHHypomyelination in copper-deficient rats. Prenatal and postnatal copper replacement.Arch Neurol.1976; 33: 111–9.
77.
TrussCO. The role of Candida albicans in human illness.J Orthomolec Psychiatry.1981; 10: 228–38.
78.
CrookW. The yeast connection.Jackson, TN: Professional Books; 1986: 211–9.
79.
ZoualiM, DrouhetE, EyquemA. Evaluation of auto-antibodies in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis without endocrinopathy.Mycopathologia.1983; 84: 87–93.
80.
GayD, DickG, UptonG. Multiple sclerosis associated with sinusitis: case-controlled study in general practice.Lancet.1986; 1: 815–9.
81.
SicotteNL, LivaSM, KlutchRTreatment of multiple sclerosis with the pregnancy hormone estriol.Ann Neurol.2002; 52: 421–8.
82.
KuempfelT, Then BerghF, FriessENeuroendocrine-immune system interactions: dehydroepiandrosterone plasma levels in multiple sclerosis.Ann Neurol.1997; 42: 428.
83.
KumpfelT, Then BerghF, FriessEDehydroepiandrosterone response to the adrenocorticotropin test and the combined dexamethasone and corticotropin-releasing hormone test in patients with multiple sclerosis.Neuroendocrinology.1999; 70: 431–8.
84.
TellezN, ComabellaM, JuliaEFatigue in progressive multiple sclerosis is associated with low levels of dehydroepiandrosterone.Mult Scler.2006; 12: 487–94.
85.
Korwin-PiotrowskaT, NoconD, Stankowska-ChomiczAExperience of Padma 28 in multiple sclerosis.Phytother Res.1992; 6: 133–6.
86.
LowryML, MooreRW, CaillietR. Adenosine-5-monophosphate in the treatment of multiple sclerosis.Am J Med Sci.1953; 226: 73–83.