The aim of this research is to determine the effects of pre-service teachers' self-efficacy on their social entrepreneurship characteristics. The population of this study consisted of 220 randomly selected pre-service teachers in Kocaeli University Faculty of Education in Turkey. General Self Efficacy Scale-Turkish Form and Pre-service Teachers' Entrepreneurship Characteristics Scale was applied to collect data. The study revealed that effort and persistence which are general self-efficacy dimensions predicted personal creativity and risk-taking features of social entrepreneurship. According to the findings of the study, initiative, effort and persistence dimensions predict the self-confidence which is a characteristic of social entrepreneurship. Finally it can be suggested that practices oriented to developing self-efficacy beliefs and social entrepreneurship characteristics should take a part in teacher training programs as these practices may help teachers about how to teach students various skills.
AkhtarA.KeithJ. T.RiazH. T. (2009), ‘Entrepreneurial inclinations of prospective teachers’, New Horizons in Education56 (2), 1–16.
2.
AllinderR. M. (1994), ‘The relationship between efficacy and the instructional practices of special education teachers and consultants’, Teacher Education and Special Education17 (2), 86–95.
3.
AreniusP.MinnitiM. (2005), ‘Perceptual variables and nascent entrepreneurship’, Small Business Economics24 (3), 233–47.
4.
AshtonP.WebbR. (1986), Making a Difference: Teacher's Sense of Efficacy and Student Achievement, New York: Longman, Inc. White Plains.
5.
BanduraA. (ed.) (1995), Self-Efficacy In Changing Societies, New York: Cambridge University Press.
6.
BanduraA. (1997), Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control, New York: Freeman.
7.
BanduraA. (2012), ‘On the functional properties of perceived self-efficacy revisited’, Journal of Management38 (1), 9–44.
8.
BaronR. A. (2004), ‘The cognitive perspective: A valuable tool for answering entrepreneurship's basic “why” questions’, Journal of Business Venturing19 (2), 221–39.
9.
BaumJ. R.LockeE. A. (2004), ‘The relationship of entrepreneurial traits, skill, and motivation to subsequent venture growth’, Journal of Applied Psychology89 (4), 587–98.
10.
BrownU. J.BealeR. L.White-JohnsonS. (2011), ‘Perceptions of entrepreneurial intentions and risk propensity: Self reliance and self efficacy in college students to encourage knowledge’, Review of Business Research11 (5), 169–77.
11.
BoydN. G.VozikisG. S., (1994), ‘The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice18 (4), 63–77.
12.
CapraraG. V.BarbaranelliC.StecaP.MaloneP. S. (2006), ‘Teachers' self-efficacy beliefs as determinants of job satisfaction and students' academic achievement: A study at the school level’, Journal of School Psychology44 (6), 473–90.
13.
CarrJ. C.SequeiraJ. M. (2007), ‘Prior family business exposure as intergenerational influence: A mediation test of family support and entrepreneurial-related outcomes’, Journal of Business Research60 (10), 1090–8.
ChenC.GrenePCrickA. (1998), ‘Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers?’, Journal of Business Venturing13 (4), 295–316.
16.
CzerniakC. M.LumpeA. T. (1996), ‘Relationship between teacher beliefs and science education reform’, Journal of Science Teacher Education7 (4), 247–66.
17.
ÇapriB.ÇelikkaleliÖ. (2008), ‘Öğretmen adaylarinin öğretmenliğe ilişkin tutum ve mesleki yeterlik inançlarının cinsiyet, program ve fakültelerine göre incelenmesi’, İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi9 (15), 33–53.
18.
DemirtaşH.CömertM.ÖzerN. (2011), ‘Öğretmen Adaylarinin özyeterlik Inançlarıve Mesleğe Yönelik Tutumları’, Eğitim ve Bilim36 (159), 96–111.
19.
FalckO.HeblichS.LuedemannE. (2012), ‘Identity and entrepreneurship: Do school peers shape entrepreneurial intentions?’, Small Business Economics39 (1), 39–59.
20.
FayolleA.GaillyB.Lassas-ClercN. (2006), ‘Assessing the impact of entrepreneurship education programmes: A new methodology’, Journal of European Industrial Training30 (9), 701–20.
21.
GhasemiF.RastegarA.JahromiR. G.MarvdashtiR. R. (2011), ‘The relationship between creativity and achievement motivation with high school students' entrepreneurship’, Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences30 (1), 1291–6.
22.
GerberM. (1995), The E-Myth Revisited, New York: Harper Business.
23.
HackettG.BetzE. N. (1995), ‘Self-efficacy and career choice and development’, in MadduxJ. E., (ed.) Self-Efficacy, Adaptation, and Adjustment, Plenum: Theory research and application.
24.
HensonR. K. (2001), ‘Relationships between preservice teachers' self-efficacy, task analysis, and classroom management beliefs’, paper presented at the annual meeting of the Southwest Educational Research Association, LA: New Orleans.
25.
HittM. A.BlackJ. S.PorterL. W. (2005), Management, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice-Hall.
26.
KatzensteinJ.BarbaraC. (2011), ‘Social entrepreneurship and a new model for international development in the 21st century’, Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 87–102.
27.
KonaklıT.GöğüşN. (2013), ‘Pre-service teachers' social entrepreneurship qualifications scale: Validity and reliability study’, Gazi University Journal of Gazi Educational Faculty33 (2), 361–79.
28.
LagunaM. (2013), ‘Self-efficacy, self-esteem, and entrepreneurship amongst the unemployed’, Journal of Applied Social Psychology43 (2), 253–62.
29.
LathamG. P.SeijstG. H. (1999), ‘The effects of proximal and distal goals on performance on a moderately complex task’, Journal of Organizational Behavior20 (4), 421–9.
30.
LiñánF. (2008), ‘Skill and value perceptions: How do they affect entrepreneurial intention?’, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal4 (3), 257–72.
31.
LiñánF.ChenY. (2009), ‘Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice33 (3), 593–617.
32.
MairJ. (2002), ‘Entrepreneurial behaviour in a large traditional firm: Exploring key drivers’, research paper no. 466, Barcelona: IESE, University of Navara.
33.
MairJ.MartiI. (2006), ‘Social entrepreneurship research: A source of explanation, prediction, and delight’, Journal of World Business41 (1), 36–44.
34.
MairJ.NoboaE. (2008), ‘Social entrepreneurship: How intentions to create social enterprise get formed’, IESE Working Paper No. D/521, http://ssrn.com/abstract=462283.
35.
MalebanaM. J.SwanepoelE. (2014), ‘The relationship between exposure to entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial self-efficacy’, Southern African Business Review18 (1), 1–26.
36.
MarkmanG. D.BaronR. A. (2003), ‘Person-entrepreneurship fit: Why some people are more successful as entrepreneurs than others’, Human Resource Management Review13 (2), 281–301.
37.
MarkmanG. D.BaronR. A.BalkinD. B. (2005), ‘Are perseverance and self-efficacy costless? Assessing entrepreneurs' regretful thinking’, Journal of Organizational Behavior26 (1), 1–19.
38.
McGeeJ.PetersonE. M.MuellerS. L.SequeiraJ. M. (2009), ‘Entrepreneurial self-efficacy: Refining the measure’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice33 (4), 965–88.
39.
MooreW.EsselmanM. (1992), ‘Teacher efficacy, power, school climate and achievement: A desegregating district's experience’, paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, April.
40.
ÖzdevecioğluM.CingözA. (2009), ‘Sosyal girişimcilik ve sosyal girişimciler: Teorik çerçeve’, Erciyes Üniversitesi İibf Dergisi23, 81–95.
41.
PajaresF.SchunkD. H. (2001), ‘Self-beliefs and school success: Self-efficacy, self-concept, and school achievement’, in RidingR.RaynerS. (eds), Self-Perception, London: Ablex Publishing, pp. 239–66.
42.
PendergastD.GarvisS.KeoghJ. (2011), ‘Pre-service student-teacher self-efficacy beliefs: An insight into the making of teachers’, Australian Journal of Teacher Education36 (12).
43.
PoulouM.NorwichB. (2002), ‘Teachers' cognitive, affective and behavioural responses to children with emotional and behavioural difficulties: A model of decision making’, British Educational Research Journal28 (1), 111–38.
44.
PrabhuG. N. (1999), ‘Social entrepreneurial leadership’, Career Development International4 (3), 140–5.
45.
RauchA.FreseM. (2007), ‘Let's put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners' personality traits, business creation and success’, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology16 (4), 353–85.
46.
SalasE.Cannon-BowersJ. A. (2001), ‘The science of training: A decade of progress’, Annual Review of Psychology52 (1), 471–99.
47.
SchjoedtL.ShaverK. G. (2007), ‘Deciding on an entrepreneurial career: A test of the pull and push hypotheses using the panel study of entrepreneurial dynamics data’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice31 (5), 733–52.
48.
SchunkD. H. (1989), ‘Self-efficacy and achievement behaviors’, Educational Psychology Review1 (3), 173–208.
49.
SchunkD. H. (1990), ‘Goal setting and self-efficacy during self-regulated learning’, Educational Psychologist25 (1), 71–86.
50.
SeelosC.MairJ. (2005), ‘Social entrepreneurship: Creating new business model to serve the poor’, Business Horizons48 (3), 241–6.
51.
ShaneS.VenkataramanS. (2000), ‘The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research’, Academy of Management Review25 (1), 217–26.
52.
ShalomY. B.BlochE.GlaserY. (2007), ‘Educators as social entrepreneurs: A different approach to teacher training’, The International Journal of Learning14 (7), 155–62.
53.
ShererM.MadduxJ. E.MercadanteB.Prentice-DunnS.JacobsB.RogersR. W. (1982), ‘The self-efficacy scale: Construction and validation’, Psychological Reports51 (2), 663–71.
54.
SouitarisV.ZerbinatiS.Al-LahamA. (2007), ‘Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources’, Journal of Business Venturing22 (4), 566–91.
55.
StajkovicA. D.LuthansF. (1998), ‘Self-efficacy and work-related performance: A meta-analysis’, Psychological Bulletin124 (2), 240–61.
56.
TaiD. W. S.HuY.-C.WangR.ChenJ.-L. (2012), ‘What is the impact of teacher self-efficacy on the student learning outcome?’, paper presented at the 3rd WIETE Annual Conference on Engineering and Technology Education, WIETE Pattaya, Thailand, February.
57.
UhlanerL.LukesM. (2010), ‘The entrepreneurial process: An introduction to psychology of entrepreneurship’, in LukesM.LagunaM. (eds), Entrepreneurship: A Psychological Approach, Prague: Oeconomica.
58.
UlyssesJ. B.RubyL. B.White-JohnsonS. (2011), ‘Perceptions of entrepreneurial intentions and risk propensity: Self reliance and self efficacy in college students to encourage knowledge’, Review of Business Research11 (5), 169–77.
59.
YelkikalanN.AkatayA.YıldırımH.KaradenizY.KöseC.KoncagülÖ.ÖzerE. (2010), ‘Dünya ve Türkiye üniversitelerinde girişimcilik eğitimi: Karşılaştırmalı bir analiz’, KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi12 (19), 51–9.
60.
YildirimF.İlhanİ. Ö. (2010), ‘The validity and reliability of the general self-efficacy scale-Turkish form’, Turkish Journal of Psychiatry21 (4), 301–8.
61.
ZahraS. A.GedajlovicE.NeubaumD. O.ShulmanJ. M. (2009), ‘A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges’, Journal of Business Venturing24 (5), 519–32.
62.
ZaidatolA. L. P.AfsanehB. (2013), ‘Self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention: The mediation effect of self-regulation’, Vocations and Learning6 (3), 385–401.
63.
ZhaoH.SeibertS. E.HillsG. E. (2005), ‘The mediating role of self-efficacy in the development of entrepreneurial intentions’, Journal of Applied Psychology90 (6), 1265–72.
64.
ZimmermanB. J. (2000), ‘Self-efficacy: An essential motive to learn’, Contemporary Educational Psychology25 (1), 82–91.
