Since 1960 the Soviet Union has been, for all practical purposes, Cuba’s exclusive supplier of energy products. For certain time periods, Soviet sales of oil and oil products to Cuba were made at concessional prices; prior to 1991, they were priced using transferable rubles and were essentially bartered for Cuban goods, especially sugar.
Effective January 1, 1991, the Soviet Union shifted to world market prices and convertible currency payments for all traded commodities, including energy products. The shift to market prices and convertible currencies in Cuban-Soviet energy trade has already brought—or is likely to bring—a number of adjustments in four areas: 1) the trade balance; 2) the ability to reexport oil and oil products; 3) energy consumption patterns;. 4) and the structure of energy supplies.
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9.
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10.
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11.
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12.
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13.
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14.
“Firma ecuatoriana vende petróleo a Cuba” (1991), El Nuevo Herald (24 October): 4A.
15.
“Fuel Conservation in Construction Outlined” (1990), Tele Rebelde Network, 3October1990, in FBIS-LAT-90-193 (4 October): 7.
16.
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17.
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19.
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20.
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21.
“Mexican Official on Oil Shipments to Cuba” (1991), Notimex News Service, 28October1991, in FBIS-LAT-91-210 (30 October): 9.
22.
MoroneyJ. R. (1990), “Energy Consumption, Capital and Real Output: A Comparison of Market and Planned Economies,” Journal of Comparative Economics, 14: 199-220.
23.
“Paralización en industria ligera” (1990), El Nuevo Herald (18 October): 3A.
24.
Pérez-LópezJ. F. (1981), “Energy Production, Imports and Consumption in Revolutionary Cuba,” Latin American Research Review, 16: 111-137.
25.
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26.
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27.
Pérez-LópezJ. F. (1987c), “Nuclear Power in Cuba after Chernobyl” Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs, 29: 79-117.
28.
Pérez-LópezJ. F. (1991), The Economics of Cuban Sugar, Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Press.
29.
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30.
RodriguezJ. L. (1990), Estrategia del desarrollo económico en Cuba, La Habana, Editorial de Ciencias Sociales.
31.
“Soviéticos pagarén el doble por azúcar” (1991), El Nuevo Herald (19 April): 3A.
32.
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33.
United Nations (1990b), 1989 Energy Statistics Yearbook, New York.
34.
WhitefieldM. (1990), “Castro admite problem as con petróleo,” El Nuevo Herald (20 June): 1A, 5A.
