This paper presents the main theoretical and empirical issues concerning the HERMES-MIDAS Linked Systems (HMLS) of models. The systems are very large scale and are intended to perform European-wide medium-term investigations of the energy-economy interactions. The macroeconomic model follows the neo-Keynesian approach to economic modeling while the set of energy demand and supply models follows a mixed engineering-econometric one. We facilitate the presentation of the linkage by proposing a typical aggregate neo-Keynesian model into which we introduce energy ‘ and proceed by establishing a general framework for energy-economy model linkages. This framework is applied to the coupling of the actual large-scale models. Finally, the policy analysis capabilities of the HMLS in contrast to the original HERMES model are examined by means of a theoretical and empirical comparison of the two systems ‘ simulation properties and policy responses.
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