One of the most frequently discussed topics in the entrepreneurship education literature is current practice in entrepreneurship education with regard to what is taught and how it is taught. The literature on entrepreneurship education is replete with statistics and reviews of entrepreneurship courses and programmes. In this paper, the authors take a different approach and propose a model that transcends the current understanding of entrepreneurship. Instead of asking what entrepreneurship education is and what it does, they ask what ideally it should be and should do. The authors suggest that there is a logical progression between existing approaches – paradigms – to teaching entrepreneurship, and that a fourth ‘new’ paradigm, ‘everyday practice’, constitutes the foundation for all other entrepreneurship education because it establishes the core entrepreneurial competence. They further identify four dimensions as the constituent elements of entrepreneurship as everyday practice.
AndrewsK.R. (1971), The Concept of Corporate Strategy, Irwin, Homewood, Ill.
2.
AustinJ.StevensonH.Wei-SkillernJ. (2006), ‘Social and commercial entrepreneurship: Same, different, or both?’, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol 30, No 1, pp 1–22.
3.
BakerT.NelsonR.E. (2005), ‘Creating something from nothing: Resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage’, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol 50, No 3, pp 329–s66.
4.
BanduraA. (1997), Self-efficacy: The Exercise of Self Control, Freeman, New York.
5.
BéchardJ.P.GrégoireD. (2005), ‘Entrepreneurship education revisited: The case of higher education’, Academy of Management Learning and Education, Vol 4, No 1, pp 22–43.
6.
CooperriderD.SrivastavaS. (1987), ‘Appreciative inquiry in organizational life’, Research in Organizational Change and Development, Vol 1, pp 129–169.
7.
DavidssonP.DelmarF.WiklundJ. (2006), Entrepreneurship and the Growth of Small Firms, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
8.
FayolleA. (2007), Handbook of Research in Entrepreneurship Education, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
9.
FischerW. (1989), ‘Clarifying the narrative paradigm’, Communication Monographs, Vol 56, No 1, pp 55–58.
10.
Fonden for Entreprenørskab (Young Enterprise) (2010), Entreprenørskab fra ABC til phD, Fonden for Entreprenørskab, Odense.
11.
GartnerW.B. (2007), ‘Entrepreneurial narrative and a science of the imagination’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol 22, No 5, pp 613–627.
12.
GartnerW.B.VesperK.H. (1994), ‘Experiments in entrepreneurship education: Successes and failures’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol 9, No 3, pp 179–187.
13.
GibbA. (1987), ‘Designing effective programmes for encouraging the business start-up process: Lessons from the UK experience’, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol 11, No 4, pp 24–32.
14.
GibbA. (2002), ‘In pursuit of a new “enterprise” and “entrepreneurship” paradigm for learning: Creative destruction, new values, new ways of doing things and new combinations of knowledge’, International Journal of Management Review, Vol 4, No 3, pp 213–231.
15.
GullyS.M.BeaubienJ.M.IncalcaterraA.JoshiK.A. (2002), ‘A meta- analytic investigation of the relationship between team efficacy, potency, and performance’, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol 87, No 5, pp 819–832.
16.
HannonP.D. (2005), ‘Philosophies of enterprise and entrepreneurship education and challenges for higher education in the UK’, International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Vol 6, No 2, pp 105–114.
17.
HaughH. (2005), ‘A research agenda for social entrepreneurship’, Social Enterprise Journal, Vol 1, No 1, pp 1–12.
18.
HillsG.E. (1988), ‘Variations in university entrepreneurship education: An empirical study of an evolving field’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol 3, No 2, pp 109–122.
19.
HoangH.GimenoJ. (2010), ‘Becoming a founder: How founder role identity affects entrepreneurial transitions and persistence in founding’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol 25, No 1, pp 41–53.
20.
HockertsK. (2006), ‘Entrepreneurial opportunity in social purpose business ventures’, in Social Entrepreneurship, Mair. J., Robinson. J., and HockertsK., eds, pp 142–154, Palgrave MacMillan, New York.
21.
HonigB. (2004), ‘Entrepreneurship education: Toward a model of contingency-based business planning’, Academy of Management Learning and Education, Vol 3, No 3, pp 258–273.
22.
HäggO. (2010), ‘Ritual pedagogy in entrepreneurial identity development’, paper presented at the 16th Nordic Conference on Small Business Research, 20–21 May 2010, Kolding, Denmark.
23.
IbarraH.BarbulescuR. (2010), ‘Identity as narrative: Prevalence, effectiveness, and consequences of narrative identity work in macro work role transitions’, Academy of Management Review, Vol 35, No 1, pp 135–154.
24.
JonesB.IredaleN. (2010), ‘Enterprise education as pedagogy’, Education and Training, Vol 52, No 1, pp 7–19.
25.
KahaneA. (2004), Solving Tough Problems: An Open Way of Talking, Listening and Creating New Realities, Berrett-Koehler, San Francisco, CA.
26.
KirznerI.M. (1997), ‘Entrepreneurial discovery and the competitive market process: An Austrian approach’, Journal of Economic Literature, Vol 35, No 1, pp 60–85.
27.
KorsgaardS.AndersonA.R. (2011), ‘Enacting entrepreneurship as social value creation’, International Small Business Journal, Vol 29, No 2, pp 135–151.
28.
KotlerP.KellerK. (2009), Marketing Management, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
29.
KuhnT.S. (1996), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Ill.
30.
MauerR.NeergaardH.KirketerpA. (2009), ‘Self-efficacy: Conditioning the entrepreneurial mind’, in Understanding the Entrepreneurial Mind, BrännbeckM.CarsrudA.L., eds, Springer Verlag, Dordrecht.
31.
McMullanW.E.LongW.A. (1987), ‘Entrepreneurship education in the Nineties’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol 2, No 3, pp 261–275.
32.
National Council for Graduate Entrepreneurship and Institute for Small Business and Entrepreneurship (2010), Enterprise and Entrepreneurship in Higher Education, National Centre For Entrepreneurship in Education, see: http://www.ncee.org.uk.
PorterM. (1980), Competitive Strategy, Free Press, New York.
35.
RaeD.MartinL.AntcliffV.HannonP.D. (2010), ‘The 2010 survey of enterprise and entrepreneurship in higher education’, paper presented at the 33rd ISBE Conference, 3–4 November 2010, London.
36.
RehnA.TaalasS. (2004), ‘“Znakomstva i svyazi” (acquaintances and connections) – Blat, the Soviet Union, and mundane entrepreneurship’, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Vol 16, No 3, pp 235–250.
37.
SarasvathyS.D. (2004), ‘The questions we ask and the questions we care about: Reformulating some problems in entrepreneurship research’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol 19, No 5, pp 707–717.
38.
SarasvathyS.D. (2008), Effectuation: Elements of Entrepreneurial Expertise, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham.
39.
SarasvathyS.D.VenkataramanS. (2011), ‘Entrepreneurship as method: Open questions for an entrepreneurial future’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol 35, No 1, pp 113–135.
40.
SchumpeterJ.A. (1934), The Theory of Economic Development, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
41.
SchumpeterJ.A. (1950), Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, Harper and Row, New York.
42.
SextonD.L.BowmanN. (1984), ‘Entrepreneurship education: Suggestions for increasing effectiveness’, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol 22, No 2, pp 18–26.
43.
ShaneS.VenkataramanS. (2000), ‘The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research’, Academy of Management Review, Vol 25, No 1, pp 217–226.
44.
SpinosaC.FloresF.DreyfusH.L. (1997), Disclosing New Worlds: Entrepreneurship, Democratic Action and the Cultivation of Solidarity, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
45.
SteyaertC.KatzJ. (2004), ‘Reclaiming the space of entrepreneurship in society: Geographical, discursive and social dimensions’, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Vol 16, No 3, pp 179–196.
46.
ThompsonJ.AlvyG.LeesA. (2000), ‘Social entrepreneurship – a new look at the people and the potential’, Management Decision, Vol 38, No 5/6, p 328.
47.
VenkataramanS. (1997), ‘The distinctive domain of entrepreneurship research: An editor's perspective’, in Advances in Entrepreneurship, KatzJ.BrockhausR., eds, pp 119–38, JAI Press, Greenwich, CT.
48.
VesperK.H.McMullanW.E.RayD.M. (1989), ‘Entrepreneurship education: More than just an adjustment to management education’, International Small Business Journal, Vol 8, No 1, pp 61–65.
49.
WengerE. (1998), Communities of Practice, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
50.
WiklundJ.DavidssonP.DelmarF. (2003), ‘What do they think and feel about growth? An expectancy–value approach to small business managers’ attitudes toward growth’, Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, Vol 27, No 3, pp 247–271.
