In order to become novice, portfolio or serial entrepreneurs, individuals must first become nascent entrepreneurs. Hence, the focus of this article is on how potential entrepreneurs are transformed into nascent entrepreneurs. This study supports the tenet that goal-setting is vital in nurturing entrepreneurial motivation among prospective entrepreneurs. As goal-setting is closely linked to beliefs about personal capabilities, business schools should influence individuals' self-belief, which is a precondition for achieving congruent entrepreneurial goals.
AjzenI.FishbeinM. (1980), Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behaviour, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
2.
AjzenI.MaddenT. J. (1986), ‘Prediction of goal orientated behavior: Attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control’, Journal of Experimental Psychology, Vol 22, pp 453–474.
3.
AlsosG.KolvereidL. (1999), ‘The business gestation process of novice, serial and parallel business founders’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol 22, No 4, pp 101–104.
4.
AutioE.KeeleyR. H.KlofstenM.UlfstedtT. (1997), ‘Entrepreneurial intent among students: Testing an intent model in Asia, Scandinavia and USA’, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, pp 133–147.
5.
BanduraA. (1977), ‘Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioural change’, Psychological Review, Vol 84, pp 191–215.
6.
BanduraA. (1991), ‘Social cognitive theory of self-regulation’, Organisational Behaviour and Human Decision Processes, Vol 50, pp 248–287.
7.
BanduraA. (1995), Self-Efficacy in Changing Societies, Cambridge University Press.
8.
BanduraA. (1997), Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control, Freeman Press, New York.
9.
BhideA. (1996), ‘The question every entrepreneur must answer’, Harvard Business Review, November–December, pp 120–130.
10.
BoydN.VozikisG. S. (1994), ‘The influence of self-efficacy on the development of entrepreneurial intentions and actions’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, summer, pp 63–77.
11.
BrockhausR. (1975), ‘I-E locus of control scores as predictors of entrepreneurial intentions’, Proceedings of Academy of Management, pp 433–435.
12.
CardonM. S.McGrathR. G. (1999), ‘When the going gets tough … toward a psychology of entrepreneurial failure and re-motivation’, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson College, Wellesley, MA, Website: http://www.babson.edu/entrep/fer/papers99/I/I_B/I_B.html.
13.
CheahH. (1990), ‘Schumpeterian and Austrian entrepreneurship: Unity within duality’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol 5, No 6, pp 341–341.
14.
DavidssonP. (1995), ‘Determinants of entrepreneurial intentions’, paper presented at the RENT conference, 23–24 November, Piazena, Italy.
15.
DuffyP. B.StevensonH. H. (1984), ‘Entrepreneurship and self-employment: Understanding the distinctions’, Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson College, Wellesley, MA.
16.
DzewaltowskiD. A. (1989), ‘Toward a model of exercise motivation’, Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Vol 11, pp 251–269.
17.
EriksonT. (2001), ‘Revisiting Shapero: Towards a taxonomy of entrepreneurs’, New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, Vol 4, No 1, pp 9–14.
18.
EriksonT. (2002), ‘Entrepreneurial capital: The emerging organization's most important asset and competitive advantage’, Journal of Business Venturing, Vol 17, No 3, pp 275–290.
19.
GanitskyJ.SanchoA. (2000), Martin Varsavsky (A), European Case Clearing House, Case # 301-042-1, Website: http://www.ecch.cranfield.ac.uk.
20.
GistM. E.MitchellT. R. (1992), ‘Self-efficacy. A theoretical analysis of its determinants and malleability’, Academy of Management Review, Vol 17, No 2, pp 183–211.
21.
KimM.HunterJ. E. (1993), ‘Relationships among attitudes, behavioral intentions, and behavior. A meta-analysis of past research. Part 2’, Communication Research, Vol 20, No 3, pp 331–364.
22.
KolvereidL. (1996), ‘Prediction of entrepreneurial employment status choice intentions’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol 21, No 1, pp 47–57.
23.
KruegerN. F.Jr (2000), ‘The cognitive infrastructure of opportunity emergence’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, spring, pp 5–23.
24.
KruegerN. F.JrCarsrudA. L. (1993), ‘Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour’, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, Vol 5, No 4, pp 315–330.
25.
KruegerN. F.JrDicksonP. R. (1994), ‘How believing in ourselves increases risk taking: Perceived self-efficacy and opportunity recognition’, Decision Sciences, Vol 25, No 3, pp 385–400.
26.
LockeE. A.LathamG. P. (1990), A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
27.
ShaneS.VenkataramanS. (2000), ‘The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research’, Academy of Management Review, Vol 25, pp 217–226.
28.
ShaperoA.SokolL. (1982), ‘The social dimension of entrepreneurship’, in KentCalvin A.SextonDonald L.VesperKarl H., Encyclopaedia of Entrepreneurship, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
29.
WestheadP.WrightM. (1998), ‘Novice, portfolio and serial founders in rural and urban areas’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, summer, pp 63–100.
30.
WoodR.BanduraA. (1989), ‘Social cognitive theory of organisational management’, Academy of Management Review, Vol 14, No 3, pp 361–384.
