Stent migration is an inherent complication of stent deployment. A number of
factors are responsible for this dreaded complication. The stent may eventually
migrate to the heart or lungs or in the process of migration damage structures
en route to its final destination. A number of techniques
are available to bail out interventionalists if such a situation should arise.
Occasionally a wait and watch approach may be prudent.
YevzlinA., AsifA.Stent placement in hemodialysis access: historical lessons, the
state of the art and future directions. Clin J Am
Soc Nephrol.2009; 4(5):
996–1008.
2.
ChaikofE.L.,
BlankensteijnJ.D., HarrisP.L.; Ad Hoc Committee for
Standardized Reporting Practices in Vascular Surgery of The Society for Vascular
Surgery/American Association for Vascular Surgery. Reporting
standards for endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. J
Vasc Surg.2002; 35(5):
1048–1060.
3.
SlonimS.M., DakeM.D., RazaviM.K.. Management of
misplaced or migrated endovascular stents. J Vasc
Interv Radiol.1999; 10(7):
851–859.
4.
GabelmannA., KramerS.C., TomczakR., GorichJ.Percutaneous techniques for managing maldeployed or migrated
stents. J Endovasc Ther.2001; 8(3):
291–302.
5.
DashkoffN., BlessiosG.A., CoxM.R.Migration of covered stents from hemodialysis A-V access to the
pulmonary artery: percutaneous stent retrieval and procedural
trends. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv.2010; 76(4):
595–601.
6.
SequeiraA., AbreoK.The structure and function of endovascular stents: a primer for
the interventional nephrologist. Semin
Dial.2014; 27(2):
E10–E20.
7.
TaylorJ.D., LehmannE.D., BelliA.M.. Strategies for
the management of SVC stent migration into the right atrium.
Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol.2007; 30(5):
1003–1009.
8.
FogartyT.J., WhiteR.A.Peripheral endovascular interventions.3rd ed.New York:
Springer; 2010. ISBN
978-1-4419-1387-6.
9.
EntwisleK.G., WatkinsonA.F., ReidyJ.Case report: migration and shortening of a self-expanding
metallic stent complicating the treatment of malignant superior vena cava
stenosis. Clin Radiol.1996; 51(8):
593–595.
10.
El FeghalyM., SoulaP., RousseauH.. Endovascular
retrieval of two migrated venous stents by means of balloon
catheters. J Vasc Surg.1998; 28(3):
541–546.
11.
KangW., KimI.S., KimJ.U.. Surgical
removal of endovascular stent after migration to the right ventricle
following right subclavian vein deployment for treatment of central venous
stenosis. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound.2011; 19(4):
203–206.
12.
CohenM.H., KyriazisD.K.Wallstent migration into the right ventricle causing severe
tricuspid regurgitation and right ventricular perforation. Texas Heart
Institute journal/from the Texas Heart Institute of St Luke's Episcopal
Hospital, Texas Children's Hospital. Tex Heart Inst
J.2012; 39(2):
271–272.
13.
Bani-HaniS., ShowkatA., WallB.M., DasP., HuangL., Al-AbsiA.I.Endovascular stent migration to the right ventricle causing
myocardial injury. Semin Dial.2012; 25(5):
562–564.
14.
LinX., FangL., WangY.Multiple heart injuries caused by fracture and migration of the
inferior vena stent. Eur Heart J.2013; 34(8):
625.
15.
KanekoK., HironoO., YuukiK.. Complete
atrioventricular block due to venous stent migration from innominate vein to
right ventricle: a case report. J Cardiol.2009; 53(3):
453–457.
16.
PrahlowJ.A., O'BryantT.J., BarnardJ.J.Cardiac perforation due to Wallstent embolization: a fatal
complication of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
procedure. Radiology.1997; 205(1):
170–172.
17.
SyA.Pulmonary infarction due to vascular stent
migration. South Med J.2006; 99(9):
1003–1004.
18.
O'BrienP., MunkP.L., HoS.G., LegiehnG.M., MarchinkowL.O.Management of central venous stent migration in a patient with a
permanent inferior vena cava filter. J Vasc Interv
Radiol.2005; 16(8):
1125–1128.
19.
GhanemA., TiemannK., NickenigG.Gone with the flow: percutanous retrieval of a migrated wallstent
trapped in the right ventricle. Eur Heart
J.2009; 30(6):
717.
20.
SharmaA.K., SinhaS., BakranA.Migration of intravascular metallic stent into pulmonary
artery. Nephrol Dial Transplant.2002; 17(3):
511.
SeongC.K., KimY.J., ChungJ.W.. Tubular
foreign body or stent: safe retrieval or repositioning using the coaxial
snare technique. Korean J Radiol.2002; 3(1):
30–37.
23.
KirbyJ.M., GuoX.F., MidiaM.Repositioning of covered stents: the grip
technique. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol.2011; 34(3):
615–619.
24.
LiptonM., CynamonJ., BakalC.W., SprayregenS.Percutaneous retrieval of two Wallstent endoprostheses from the
heart through a single jugular sheath. J Vasc Interv
Radiol.1995; 6(3):
469–472.
25.
FeldmanT.Retrieval techniques for dislodged stents.
Catheter Cardiovasc Interv.1999; 47(3):
325–326.
26.
MarcyP.Y., MagnéN., BrunetonJ.N.Strecker stent migration to the pulmonary artery: long-term
result of a “wait-and-see attitude”. Eur
Radiol.2001; 11(5):
767–770.
27.
AhamedS.H., VenkateshS.K., TanL.K.Migrated brachiocephalic venous stent into the right atrium - can
it be left alone? A case report and review of the
literature. Ann Acad Med Singapore.2011; 40(11):
512–513.
28.
SequeiraA., SachdevaB., AbreoK.Uncommon complications of long-term hemodialysis catheters:
adhesion, migration, and perforation by the catheter tip.
Semin Dial.2010; 23(1):
100–104.
