Code Sets for Everyday Life Situations of Children Aged 0–6: Sleeping,Mealtimes and Play — A Study Based on the International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health for Children and Youth
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online March, 2013
Code Sets for Everyday Life Situations of Children Aged 0–6: Sleeping,Mealtimes and Play — A Study Based on the International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health for Children and Youth
The complexity of the Child and Youth version of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, the ICF-CY, is a challenge for occupational therapists and other professionals in clinical work. Code sets including only essential categories help to make it more user-friendly. Thus far, code sets have been developed to reflect functioning for children in different developmental periods. However, there are no code sets that support screening of participation in everyday life situations and can be used across diagnoses. This exploratory study is the first attempt to develop code sets for preschoolers' (age 0–6 years) everyday life situations.
Method:
Using sequential Delphi processes with expert panels consisting of 35 professionals in five interdisciplinary early intervention teams and six parents of children, the study identified content in three code sets: Sleeping, Mealtimes and Play.
Results:
A limited number of relevant categories were identified for three code sets: Sleeping (12), Mealtimes (21) and Play (30). Findings suggested a professional focus on Environmental factors compared with a parental focus on Body functions.
Conclusion:
It is important to consider the opinions of all involved when developing code sets to provide a common framework for screening of children's everyday functioning.
AdolfssonM (2011) Applying the ICF-CY to identify everyday life situations of children and youth with disabilities. Jönköping: School of Education and Communication, Jönköping University.
2.
AdolfssonM (2013) Applying the ICF-CY to identify children's everyday life situations: A step towards participation-focused code sets. International Journal of Social Welfare, 22(2), 195–206.
3.
Björck-ÅkessonEWilderJGranlundMPlessMSimeonssonRAdolfssonMAlmqvistLAugustineLKlangNLillvistA (2010) The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and the version for children and youth as a tool in child habilitation/early childhood intervention — feasibility and usefulness as a common language and frame for practice. Disability and Rehabilitation, 32(S1), S125–S138.
4.
ClaytonMJ (1997) Delphi: A technique to harness expert opinion for critical decision-making tasks in education. Educational Psychology, 17(4), 373–86.
5.
CowartBLSaylorCFDingleAMainorM (2004) Social skills and recreational preferences of children with and without disabilities. North American Journal of Psychology, 6(1), 27–42.
6.
EllingsenKM (2011) Deriving developmental code sets from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health — for Children and Youth (ICF-CY). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
7.
HaglundLFältmanS (2012) Activity and Participation self-assessment according to the International Classification of Functioning: A study in mental health. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 75(9), 412–18.
8.
HassonFKeeneySMcKennaH (2000) Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32(4), 1008–15.
9.
IbragimovaNGranlundMBjörck-ÅkessonE (2009) Field trial of ICF version for children and youth (ICF-CY) in Sweden: Logical coherence, developmental issues and clinical use. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 12(1), 3–11.
10.
LuttroppAGranlundM (2010) Interaction — it depends — a comparative study of interaction in preschools between children with intellectual disability and children with typical development. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 12(3), 151–64.
11.
MoritaEWeiglMSchuhAStuckiG (2006) Identification of relevant ICF categories for indication, intervention planning and evaluation of health resort programs: A Delphi exercise. International Journal of Biometeorology, 50(3), 183–91.
12.
ObertCForsellM (2000) Fokusgrupp — ett enkelt sätt att mäta kvalitet [Focus groups-an easy method to measure quality]. Helsingborg: Kommunlitteratur.
13.
PlessMIbragimovaNAdolfssonMBjörck-ÅkessonEGranlundM (2009) Evaluation of in-service training in using the ICF and ICF version for children and youth. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 41(6), 451–58.
14.
SchmidtRLyytinenKKeilMCuleP (2001) Identifying software project risks: An international Delphi study. Journal of Management Information Systems, 17(4), 5–36.
ShonkoffJPPhillipsDA (2000) From neurons to neighborhoods: The science of early childhood development. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
17.
SimeonssonRJ (2009) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health — version for Children and Youth (2007) — plus 2 years. Part B [Webinar]: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Jönköping University. Available at: http://breeze.unc.edu/icfcypartb/ Accessed 29.01.11.
18.
SimeonssonRJSauer-LeeAGranlundMBjörck-ÅkessonE (2010) Developmental and health assessment in rehabilitation with the ICF for Children and Youth. In: MpofuEOaklandT, eds. Rehabilitation and health assessment. Applying ICF guidelines. New York: Springer, 27–46.
19.
SoS (2009) Samverkan i re/habilitering — en vägledning [Collaboration within re/habilitation — a guidance]. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen [The Swedish National Board on Health and Wellfare].
20.
StenhammarA-M (2010) Lyssna på mig! Barn & ungdomar med funktionsnedsättningar vill vara delaktiga i möten med samhällets stödsystem En systematisk kunskapsöversikt [Listen to me! Children and young people with disabilities want to be involved in meetings with community support systems. A systematic review]. Unpublished Master's thesis. Halmstad: Halmstad University.
21.
SundqvistA (2010) Knowing me, knowing you: Mentalization abilities of children who use augmentative and alternative communication. Linköping: Linköping University.
22.
Thomas-StonellNOddsonBRobertsonBRosenbaumP (2009) Predicted and observed outcomes in preschool children following speech and language treatment: Parent and clinician perspectives. Journal of Communication Disorders, 42(1), 29–42.
23.
WalesLDunfordC (2011) Measuring participation in occupation for children with acquired brain injuries. British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(6), 261.
24.
World Health Organization (2001) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Geneva: WHO.
25.
World Health Organization (2007) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY). Geneva: WHO.
26.
WilcoxJWoodsJ (2011) Participation as a basis for developing early intervention outcomes. Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in School, 42(3), 365–78.
